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The gluteus maximus is the most powerful and largest muscle in the body. It is a thick, fleshy, quadrilateral muscle that forms the major volume of the buttock. It originates from the ilium and the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, descends downward and outward from its origin and wraps around the outer back corner of the pelvis to insert in the iliotibial band and the gluteal ridge of the femur. It connects the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx to the femur by tissues of the thigh. The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve and supplied by the inferior and superior gluteal arteries. This muscle consists of coarse muscle fibres that powerfully extend the thigh at the hip joint and moves it away from the body, as when walking or running. It is also used to raise the body from a sitting position.
 Research Gluteus Maximus
The gluteus medius (mesogluteus) is a wide, fan-shaped muscle that originates from the ilium of the pelvis between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines. It runs from the outer portion of the ilium (pelvis), up to the crest of the ilium and tapers into a strong flattened tendon at its insertion on the femur (upper leg bone) . It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve and supplied by the superior gluteal artery. The gluteus medius is partly covered by the gluteus maximus. You can feel the crest of the gluteus medius through the skin. It moves the thigh outward and rotates it, as when walking or running. It keeps the torso upright during walking when one foot is touching the ground and the other is not touching the ground. The gluteus minimus lies just beneath the gluteus medius and works with it.
Research Gluteus Medius
The gluteus minimus lies just beneath the gluteus medius and works with it to abduct the thigh. The
gluteus minimus originates from the ilium of the pelvis between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines and inserts in the great trochanter of the femur. It is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve and supplied by the superior gluteal artery.
Research Gluteus Minimus
The lower margin of each ilial wing features a sharp concavity where the ilium and the sacrum join. This is called the greater sciatic notch, and it allows the sciatic nerves to pass to the legs below.
Research Greater Sciatic Notch
The iliac crest marks the upper ridge of the broad ala, or wings, of the ilium. The iliac crest features an internal and external lip, with an intermediate line between the two.
Research Iliac Crest
The iliac fossa is the broad, slightly concave inner surface of each ala, or win, or the ilium. The fossa, along with the pubis and ischium, create a basin in which the lower abdominal organs rest.
Research Iliac Fossa
The iliopubic eminence is a slightly broader projection in each side of the front of the pelvis. Each iliopuic eminence marks the dividing point between the superior pubic ramus and the ilium bone.
Research Iliopubic Eminence of Pelvis
The ilium is one of the three pelvic bones fused together to form the pelvic girdle. It is the broad, flared portion which constitutes the upper and lateral sections of the pelvis. The ilium is distinct for its ala, or wings, which flare out on either side of the spinal column, resembling an airplane propeller when seen in the side view.
Research Ilium
The internal oblique (obliquus internus abdominis) is a small, thin, deep muscle of the abdomen. It runs diagonally opposite underneath the external oblique. It has a quadrilateral form originating from the hip bone (crest of the ilium), and extending to the cartilage of the lower ribs (the tenth, elenenth, and twelfth ribs). It is innervated by the lower thoracic nerves and supplied the intercostal and lumbar arteries. This muscle protects a weak point in the abdominal wall and works with the external oblique to help twist the torso.
Research Internal Oblique
The ischium is one of the three sections of bone which are fused in the adult to form the pelvis. The ischium bears the weight when sitting, and is attached to the pubis in front and to the ala, or wings, of the ilium laterally and to the back. The large openings in the ischium on either side of the pelvis, just below the pubis, are called the obturator foramina.
Research Ischium
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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Abbreviations
