Cloudberry or mountain Bramble (Rubus chamoemorus}, a fruit found in the north of Europe, Asia, and America, and common in some of the more elevated moors of Britain, of the same genus with the bramble or blackberry. The plant is from 10 to 25 cm high, with a rather large handsome leaf, indented and serrated at the edges. The flowers are large and white, and the berries, which have a very fine flavour, are orange-yellow in colour, and about the size of a blackberry. Research Cloudberry
Horse-radish (Cochlearia armoracia or Armoracia rusticana) is a cruciferous plant native to Russia, and found in the temperate parts of Europe in moist locations. The root is cylindrical, whitish in colour and forms a popular condiment. It is a pungent tasting and smelling root, excellent with roast beef. The large, stalked leaves are rectangular to ovate in shape and glossy dark green in colour with indented margins. Research Horse-radish
From the earliest settlement of the American colonies, particularly the middle colonies, indented servants formed a large part of the population. Many came over from England under bond for their passage to serve a number of years. Many also were kidnapped and placed in enforced slavery for a term of years. They served four, five, or seven years, according to contract. At the end of these terms they were released, awarded fifty acres of land and became free citizens. Hence the term 'Redemptioners'. This system was introduced in Virginia in 1607 with the first colony; in Massachusetts in 1631. It also existed in Maryland, New York, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. The practice was not discontinued in the middle colonies until 1750. Research Redemptioners
The phonograph was a device invented by Thomas Edison in 1877 for recording and reproducing sounds upon tinfoil. The phonograph consisted of a grooved cylinder, covered with tinfoil. The cyclinder was revolved and slowly moved endways by means of turning a handle. On each side of the cylinder was a recorder with a diaphragm and needle which indented the foil in response to the sound vibrations received. The phonograph was the fore-runner of the gramaphone Research Phonograph
A trilby is a soft felt hat with a narrow brim, brushed surface and an indented crown, which evolved from the soft sporting hats of the late 18th and early 19th century. Research Trilby
Bressay is an island of east Shetland, Scotland separated from the mainland by the Bressay Sound.
The island is about 10 km long and 2.5 km in breadth. Its coast line is rocky and deeply indented; its interior is hilly and largely covered with peat-moss. Sea-fishing is the principal traditional occupation, kelp and hosiery are manufactured, and quarries or coarse slate are wrought. Research Bressay
Connecticut (named after the river of the same name, which is an Indian word meaning 'long river') is a state of the USA. Connecticut is one of the original thirteen states of the American Union and is bounded by New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Long Island Sound. Connecticut contains several distinct ranges of hills, but none of them have any great elevation. Its principal river is the Connecticut, which divides it into two nearly equal parts. The coast is indented with numerous bays and creeks, which furnish many harbours. Its minerals comprise iron, copper, lead, cobalt, plumbago, marble, freestone, porcelain-clay, and coal. Lime is produced in large quantities, and there is an abundance of building-stone. The soil is in general better suited for grazing than tillage, abounding in fine meadows, and fruits, particularly apples, flourish.
Two colonies were established in Connecticut. Certain people, who were dissatisfied with the close connection of church and State in the Massachusetts Bay colony, left that province for the valley of the Connecticut under Thomas Hooker, where they settled Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield. In 1639 they adopted a Constitution which made no reference to the King of England, and provided for the election of all officers. annually by the people, with no religious qualification.
In 1635 John Winthrop founded Saybrook. Two years later New Haven was founded by a company from England, who came over under Theophilus Baton and John Davenport, to establish a strict theocracy. They adopted the Bible as their Constitution, and refused to institute trial by jury, because it was not recognized by the Bible.
In 1643 Hartford and New Haven both joined the New England Confederation for protection against the Dutch, who claimed the valley of the Connecticut. New Haven was incorporated with Hartford in 1662, under a charter from Charles II, which named the South Sea as the western boundary. This charter was adopted as a Constitution in 1776, and continued in force until 1818. In 1687 Andros had demanded this charter,. but it was concealed in the 'charter oak'.
In 1700 Yale College was. founded. The claims of Connecticut to western lands were surrendered to the General Government. Her claim to Westmoreland County in Northern Pennsylvania was set aside in 1782. Connecticut ratified the national Constitution on January the 9th, 1788, by a vote of 128 to 40.
Connecticut was strongly Federalist until 1820, was opposed to the War of 1812, and sent delegates to-the Hartford Convention of 1814.
The Connecticut is a river of the United States, the west branch of which forms by treaty the boundary between the United States and Canada to latitude 45 degrees North. It rises on the north border of New Hampshire; forms the boundary between Vermont and New Hampshire, passes through the west part of Massachusetts and the central part of Connecticut, and falls into Long Island Sound, a length of about 720 km. It is famed for its shad fisheries. Research Connecticut
Dominica (officially the Commonwealth of Dominica) is an island country in the Caribbean. The island was originally occupied by the Arawak, and then later the Carib peoples.
Christopher Columbus discovered the island on a Sunday in 1493, hence the name from the Spanish dominica meaning Sunday, but the occupants resisted colonisation until the French gained control of the island in 1632. Having been ceeded to Britain by France in 1763 the island became part of the Leeward Islands' dependancy in 1833 and remained so until it joined the Windward Islands' group in 1940. In 1967 the island achieved internal self-rule and in 1978 full independence.
Dominica is rugged and mountainous, but it contains many fertile valleys and is well watered. The shores are but little indented, and are entirely without harbours; but on the west side there are several good anchorages and bays. Both and English and French are spoken in Dominica, with English being the official language. The religion is predominantly Roman Catholic. Research Dominica
The Highlands of Scotland is a somewhat vagye and indefinite geographical division of Scotland, forming that part of Scotland north of a line drawn from the Moray Frith to the river Clyde, or from Nairn to Glasgow. The Highlands are generally subdivided into two parts, the West Highlands and the North Highlands The whole of the district, which embraces the formerly Celtic-speaking part of Scotland, is wild, rugged, and mountainous, with much grand and picturesque scenery. The western coast is indented by many narrow arms of the sea, and is flanked by numerous islands. Forming, by their natural characteristics, a region distinct from the Lowlands of Scotland, the Highlands were long in a state of political semi-independence, and socially and otherwise - and particularly in retaining the use of the Gaelic tongue - the people have still certain characteristics peculiarto themselves. What especially separated this region from the rest of Scotland, was not only the Celtic language and blood, but also the clan system and all connected with it.
In the earliest times the Highland chiefs gave allegiance to higher chiefs or princes, by whom the Scottish kings were acknowledged as sovereigns merely in name. Among these native princes were the powerful lords of the Isles, who flourished from very ancient times to the reign of James V. They ruled over all the Western Islands (the Hebrides) from Islay north, and over the western part of the county of Inverness, and as powerful allies exerted an influence over the greater part of the Highlands. In the early part of the 15th century the Highlanders threatened to overrun great part of the Lowlands, but they received a check in the defeat of Donald of the Isles at Harlaw in 1413. From this time onward their incursions on the Lowland parts of Scotland were confined chiefly to occasional plundering raids.
In the wars of the 17th century the Highlanders were largely engaged on the side of the Stuarts, and great numbers fought under both Montrose and Dundee. After the suppression of the rising of 1715 a strenuous attempt was made to break up the tribal organization of the Highlanders. An act was passed in 1724 for their disarmament; between 1726 and 1737 great military roads were formed under the direction of General Wade, and a chain of fortified military posts constructed, to overawe the people. The chieftains made every effort to maintain their threatened power, and to destroy the effect of the innovations with which the government sought to weaken the bonds of the clans, but the weakening went on. The rebellion of 1745 gave the government an opportunity of hastening the process, by the abolition of heritable jurisdictions, and of the ancient privileges of the chiefs.
A stringent law for disarming the people was passed, and they were even prohibited from wearing their national dress, a prohibition not formally removed until 1782. The great extension of sheep-breeding and the appropriation of large tracts to game tended much to depopulate some parts of the Highlands. In other parts, notably in some of the Western Islands, the population increased during the 19th century beyond a point where their circumscribed condition could support them, and much discontent, agitation, and trouble resulted.
The Highland dress, so well known at the present day, is modern in a good many of its features, and especially so in the great variety of tartans that have been invented, and of which each clan now appears to claim one.
Abbreviations
Research Enchasing
