Sir Arthur Thomas Sloggett was a British army surgeon. He was born in 1857. He entered the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1881, became a colonel in 1903, surgeon-general in 1908, and director-general of army medical services in 1914. He was one of the most successful organisers of army medical services - though dangerously ignorant of psychological disorders such as shock, describing sufferers as 'lunatics' - a reputation he enhanced during the Great War. He served in numerous campaigns, including the Dongola Expeditionary Force of 1896, as senior medical officer during the Sudancampaign of 1897 to 1898 when he was serious wounded; and in the South African War. He was knighted in 1914 and made KCB in 1915. During the Great War he resisted attempts to treat soldiers suffering from what was subsequently realised to be shock, describing them as 'lunatics'. Research Arthur Sloggett
Sir Colin Campbell, LordClyde, was a Scottish soldier. He was born in 1792 at Glasgow and died in 1863. His father, John M'Liver, a native of Mull, was as a cabinet-maker, his mother's maiden name was Campbell, and she was the daughter of a small proprietor in Islay. By the assistance of his mother's relations he was educated at the High School of Glasgow, and afterwards at the Military Academy, Gosport.
In 1808 he received an ensign's commission in the 9th Regiment of Foot, having previously changed his name to Campbell, at the suggestion of his maternal uncle, an officer in the army. He served in Spain under Sir John Moore and Wellington, being engaged in the battles of Barossa and Vittoria, and having displayed distinguished gallantry at the siege of San Sebastian, where, as well as at the Bidassoa, he was severely wounded.
In 1819-1825 he was in the West Indies. In 1835 he attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1842 he was in China in command of the 98th Regiment, and on the termination of the Chinese war took active service in India, where he acquired such reputation in the second Sikh war as to receive the thanks of parliament and the title of KCB. In 1854 he became major-general, with the command of the Highland Brigade in the Crimean war. His services at the battles of Alma and Balaklava, and during the war generally, were conspicuous, so that on the outbreak of the Indian mutiny he was appointed to the chief command there. Landing at Calcutta on the 29th of August, 1857, he relieved Henry Havelock and Outram at Lucknow, and crushed the rebellion entirely before the end of the year. For his services here Sir Colin Campbell received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, was created a peer with the title of BaronClyde, and had an income of 2000 pounds a year allotted him. In 1862 he was made field-marshal. Research Colin Campbell
Sir Edward Frankland was an English chemist and authority on sanitation. He was born in 1825 near Lancaster and died in 1899. At Lancaster he served an apprenticeship to a chemist, afterwards studying in London under Playfair, and at Marburg and Giessen under Bunsen and Liebig respectively. In 1851 he became professor at the newly founded Owens College in Manchester, and in 1852 suggested the conception of the valency of organic compounds. In 1853 he was elected FRS, and in 1857 received the society's gold medal. From 1863 to 1868 he was Professor of Chemistry in the Royal Institution, and held a similar post in the Royal School of Mines (afterwards merged in the Royal College of Science) from 1865 to 1885.
He was many years government water-analyst, and in 1868 was appointed a member of the second Royal Commission on river-pollution. He was a member of various foreign scientific academies, and was made KCB in 1897. He and Sir Norman Lockyer were the original discoverers of helium in 1868. In 1877 he published a volume of Experimental Researches in Pure, Applied, and Physical Chemistry, a work on Inorganic Chemistry (with FR Japp in 1884), and many other works and papers. Research Edward Frankland
Sir Herbert Stewart was a British soldier. He was born in 1843 and died in 1885. Educated at Winchester, he entered the army in 1863, served in India and took part in the Zulu War of 1879. In the Boer War of 1881 he was taken prisoner at Majuba, and afterwards served in the Egyptian campaign of 1882, being made a KCB in 1884. In the Nile Expedition for the relief of general Charles Gordon he led a column across the desert and was mortally wounded at the Battle of Abu Klea. Research Herbert Stewart
Sir Douglas, Baronet, KCB, was a British soldier. He was born in 1776 and died in 1861. The son of Admiral Sir Charles Douglas. He served in Spain in the Peninsular war, and acquired much reputation by his writings on military subjects, especially by his Treatise on Naval Gunnery in 1819. From 1823 to 1829 he was governor of New Brunswick, and from 1835 to 1840 Lord High-commissioner of the Ionian Islands. He attained the rank of general in 1851. Research Howard Douglas
Sir James Brooke the Bajah of Sarawak, was an English colonial governor. He was born in Bengal in 1803, and died in 1868. In 1838, having gone to Borneo, he assisted the Sultan of Brunei (the nominal ruler of the island) in suppressing a revolt. For his services he was made Rajah and Governor of Sarawak, a district on the north-west coast of the island, and being established in the government he endeavoured to induce the Dyak natives to abandon their irregular and piratical mode of life and to turn themselves to agriculture and commerce; and his efforts to introduce western values were successful. He was made a KCB in 1847, and was appointed Governor of Labuan. In 1863 he finally returned to England, leaving the government in the hands of his nephew, Charles Brooke. Research James Brooke
Sir James Stephen was a British historian and administrator. He was born in 1789 at Lambeth and died in 1859. Educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge he was called to the bar in 1811 and in 1825 he became counsel to the colonial office and board of trade, becoming under-secretary to the colonial-office in 1836, a post he held until 1847 when he was made KCB. A keen historian he was appointed regius professor of modern history at Cambridge in 1849. Research James Stephen
Sir John Evans was an English archaeologist. He was born in 1823. He was for some time an active member of a firm of paper-makers, but later retired from business and devoted himself chiefly to scientific pursuits, being distinguished as a geologist, numismatist, and antiquarian. From 1878 until 1896 he was treasurer of the Royal Society; in, 1897 he was president at the Toronto meeting of the British Association. He was created a KCB in 1892. His chief works are; The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments of Great Britain and Ireland;
and The Ancient Bronze Implements, etc, of Great Britain and Ireland. Research John Evans
Sir Leslie Stephen was an English writer. He was born in 1832 at London and died in 1904. Educated at Eton, King's College, London and Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he became a fellow in 1854 he took orders but in 1862 developed an agnostic attitude and in 1875 relinquished his orders and became an agnostic. He was a contributor for The Saturday Review and The Pall Mall Gazette and The Cornhill Magazine, becoming editor of The Cornhill Magazine in 1871. In 1882 he was asked to edit The Dictionary of National Biography and in 1902 he was made a KCB. Leslie Stephen also wrote several books including biographies of George Eliot and Jonathan Swift. Research Leslie Stephen
The Order of the Bath or Knights of the Bath was an order of England, supposed to have been instituted by Henry IV on the day of his coronation, but allowed to lapse after the reign of Charles II until 1725, when George I revived it as a military order. By the book of statutes then prepared the number of knights was limited to the sovereign and thirty-seven knights companions; but the limits of the order were greatly extended in 1815, and again in 1847, when it was opened to civilians. It now consists of three classes, each subdivided into (1) military members, (2), civil members, and (3), honorary members, consisting of foreign princes and officers. The first-class consists of Knights of the Grand Cross (GLCB); the second of Knights Commanders (KCB); and the third of Companions (CB). The Dean of Westminster is dean of the order. The ribbon of the order is crimson; the badge a gold cross of eight points, with the lion of England between the four principal angles, and having in a circle in the centre the rose, thistle, and shamrock between three imperial crowns; motto: 'Tria juncta in uno' Stars are worn by the two first classes, with the additional motto 'Ich dien'. Research Order of the Bath
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Arthur Sloggett
