Research Results For 'Lawrence'

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY

The Canadian Pacific Railway is a line of railway which traverses British North America from the St Lawrence to the Pacific. One of the conditions upon which the province of British Columbia in 1871 entered the Dominion of Canada was the construction of such a railway. Since that time more than one act had been passed empowering different companies to go on with the work. Eventually, however, it was completed, according to arrangement with the Canadian government, by a syndicate of London, Paris, and American capitalists, being opened for general traffic in June, 1886. Commencing at Montreal, the line goes on to Ottawa, thence round the north of the Great Lakes to Port Arthur at the head of Lake Superior, and thence to Winnipeg, Manitoba, thence to Stephen in the Rocky Mountains, then across British Columbia to Vancouver on the Pacific. Vancouver, now a thriving city, owes its existence to this railway. The line was of great importance not only as a means of communication between Europe and Eastern Asia and Australasia, but also as a military highway binding together the great masses of the British Empire during the late 19th century.
Research Canadian Pacific Railway

FISHERIES QUESTION

In the USA, the fisheries question was a dispute over fishing between the inhabitants of America and Canada.

Previous to the American War of Independence, fishermen of the American colonies had free access to the fishing-grounds of Labrador, Newfoundland and the Gulf of St Lawrence. Subsequently to the war this privilege was protested against by the inhabitants of Canada. The question was long debated. Finally a compromise was effected in the Treaty of Paris on September the 3rd, 1783. United States fishermen were allowed access to the fishing grounds of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, the St Lawrence and the Magdalen Islands, on an equal footing with British fishermen, in such parts as were unsettled or where permission could be obtained from the settlers.

The War of 1812 did away with this treaty, the fishery right was denied the United States and Canadian Governors were instructed to exclude American fishermen. A commission of the two countries decided in 1818 that the United States should forever have the right to fish on the western and northern coast of Newfoundland and the Magdalens only. Reciprocal trade being established between the United States and Canada by the Treaty of 1847, fishing was allowed the former in all British colonies except Newfoundland, which refused consent. This treaty was terminated in 1866 by the United States and the conditions of 1818 were revived.

By the Treaty of Washington in 1871, the United States fishermen were allowed to take fish of any description, except shell-fish, in all Canadian waters, the British fishermen to have the same privileges in United States waters north of latitude 39 degrees north.
Research Fisheries Question

HERALD OF FREEDOM

The Herald Of Freedom was the first newspaper of Kansas, USA. The Herald Of Freedom was first issued on October 21st 1854 at Wakarusa, Kansas, but was printed in Pennsylvania. In 1855 the Herald Of Freedom was established at Lawrence but was suspended for a while following destruction of the newspaper's office by a fire and in 1859 was finally suspended.
Research Herald Of Freedom

RUGBY SCHOOL

Rugby School is a famous British public school in Warwickshire. It was founded in 1567 by Lawrence Sheriff, a London tradesman. The school prospered under the headmastership of Dr Thomas Arnold who entered it in 1828.
Research Rugby School

TEN-HOUR LAW

In the early years of manufactures the working day sometimes extended to thirteen or fourteen hours. After the passage of the ten-hour law in England in 1847, the working classes in America also demanded a similar law. In 1853, the manufacturing companies in Lowell, Lawrence and Fall River, America voluntarily reduced the working day to eleven hours. In 1874, Massachusetts enacted a law prescribing a ten-hour day for all females and all males under eighteen years of age employed in textile factories. Similar laws were later passed elsewhere in the US.
Research Ten-Hour Law

TREATY OF PARIS

The 1763 Treaty of Paris was a treaty concluded between Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal. By the treaty, France ceded to Great Britain: Canada, Cape Breton and the islands and coasts of the St Lawrence. The Mississippi River from its source to the Iberville and a line thence through Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico were to bound the Spanish and British possessions. Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. England renounced her pretensions to Cuba in favour of Spain and surrendered her forts in Spanish America.
Research Treaty of Paris

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty of peace concluded at Versailles between commissions representing the United States and Great Britain. It was arranged in 1782, and was formally ratified on September the 3rd,1783. Jay, Adams, Franklin and Laurens formed the American Commission. By this treaty the absolute independence of the United States was recognized. Florida was returned to Spain; the Americans relinquished their pretensions to the territory north of Lake Brie; the St Lawrence river system, from the western end of Lake Superior to the forty-fifth parallel, was made the boundary; from the forty-fifth parallel to the sea, the boundary followed the highlands after an uncertain fashion, and was long a matter of bitter dispute; British right of navigation of the Mississippi was yielded, England according in return the American right of fishing on the Canadian and Newfoundland coasts; Loyalists and Tories were to be protected in America; English troops were to be withdrawn without destroying any property, or taking away any negro slaves belonging to Americans. This treaty was in reality signed in Paris, but is generally known by the above name, which properly belongs only to the treaty between England and France.
Research Treaty of Versailles

VALLEY

A valley is a long narrow depression in the earth's crust, flanked by well defined ridges and usually due to the erosive action of rivers or glaciers but sometimes due to trough-faulting.
Longitudinal valleys are the hollows between the up-folded mountain ranges, parallel to the mountains, and they usually contain a largee river. Similar valleys occur between upfoldod mountains and the crustal plateau which has resisted upheaval. The Indo-Gangetic valley between the upfolded Himalayas and the Deccan plateau is the largest example of this type.

The valley cut by vertical erosion is usually V-shaped in cross-section and irregular in its course, its gradient being punctuated by sudden drops and long shelves. These irregularities represent local base levels which are gradually removed by denudation, so that as the falls are worn back and lakes infilled the breaks in the profile are reduced. In southern England the valleys of the Severn and the Thames show the results of denudation, which has carved away the softer rocks, and left the more resistant ridges of the Cotswolds, Downs, and Chilterns, which confine the drainage system.

With lateral erosion and mass movement, the valley broadens. Deposition occurs as the gradient slackens, and floodplains fill the valley floor. Rejuvenation leaves remnants of old floodplains above the new ones in the form of terraces, the highest of which are the oldest. A lowering of the water-table may leave dry valleys, and sudden uplift may leave hanging valleys, while the flooding of valleys by the sea gives rias or 'drowned valleys' which are existing estuaries where the sea has encroached upon the lower courses of rivers, such as the Gulf of St Lawrence.
Research Valley

ABBOTT LAWRENCE

Abbott Lawrence was an American politician. He was born in 1792 and died in 1855. He represented Massachusetts in the US Congress as a Whig from 1835 to 1837. He was Minister to Great Britain from 1847 to 1852. He founded the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard College.
Research Abbott Lawrence

CAPTAIN JAMES COOK

Captain James Cook was an English sailor and explorer. He was born in 1728 and died in 1779, killed by the natives of Hawaii. The son of Yorkshire peasants, he was apprenticed to a shopkeeper, but acquiring a love of the sea became a sailor, joining the Royal Navy in 1755 and in 1759 becoming the sailing-master of the ship 'Mercury' which surveyed the St Lawrence River and the coast of Newfoundland.

Some observations on a solar eclipse, communicated to the Royal Society, brought him into notice, and he was appointed commander of a scientific expedition to the Pacific, with the rank of lieutenant in the navy. During this expedition he successively visited Tahiti, New Zealand, discovered New South Wales, and returned by the Cape of Good Hope to Britain in 1771. In 1772 Captain Cook, now raised to the rank of a commander in the navy, commanded a second expedition to the Pacific and Southern Oceans, which resulted like the former in many interesting observations and discoveries. He returned to Britain in 1774.

Two years later he again set out on an expedition to ascertain the possibility of a north-west passage. On this voyage he explored the western coast of North America, and discovered the Sandwich Islands, on one of which, Hawaii, he was killed by the natives, on February the 14th, 1779. Captain Cook wrote and published a complete account of his second voyage of discovery, and an unfinished one of the third voyage, afterwards completed and published by Captain James King.
Research Captain James Cook

	The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by Matt and Leela Probert ©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia Southampton, United Kingdom