Abebe Bikila was an Ethiopian athlete. He was born in 1932 and died in 1973. He won the marathon in the 1960 Rome Olympics, running barefoot, and again at the Tokyo Olympics in 1964, becoming the first athlete to win the Olympic marathon twice. He was partially paralysed in a motoring accident in 1969 and subsequently competed as an archer in the paraplegic games at Stoke MandevilleHospital, England. Research Abebe Bikila
Aristides was an ancient Greek statesman. He died in 468 BC at an advanced age. For his strict integrity he was surnamed the Just. He was one of the ten generals of the Athenians when they fought with the Persians at Marathon, in 490 BC. Next year he was eponymous archon, and in this office enjoyed such popularity that he excited the jealousy of Themistocles, who succeeded in procuring his banishment by the ostracism (about 483). Three years after, when Xerxes invaded Greece with a large army, the Athenians hastened to recall him, and Themistocles now admitted him to his confidence and councils. In the battle of Plataea in 479 he commanded the Athenians, and had a great share in gaining the victory. To defray the expenses of the Persian war he persuaded the Greeks to impose a tax, which should be paid into the hands of an officer appointed by the states collectively, and deposited at Delos. The confidence which was felt in his integrity appeared in their intrusting him with the office of apportioning the contribution. When he died he was so poor that he was buried at the public expense. Research Aristides
Darius I was the fourth king of Persia. The son of Hystaspes, a prince of the royal family of the Achsemenidae, he attained the throne in 521 BC. His reign was distinguished by many important events. He reduced, after a two years' siege, the revolted city of Babylon, and led an expedition of 700,000 men against the Scythians on the Danube, from which he extricated himself after suffering great losses. To revenge himself against the Athenians who had promoted a revolt of the Ionian cities, he sent an army under Mardonius to invadeGreece. But the ships of Mardonius were destroyed by a storm in doublingMountAthos in 492 BC, and his army was cut to pieces by the Thracians. Darius, however, fitted out a second expedition of 500,000 men, which was met on the plains of Marathon by an Athenian army 10,000 strong, under Miltiades, and completely defeated in 490 BC. Darius had determined on a third expedition when he died in 485 BC. Research Darius I
DariusI was the fourth king of Persia. The son of Hystaspes, a prince of the royal family of the Achsemenidae, he attained the throne in 521 BC. His reign was distinguished by many important events. He reduced, after a two years' siege, the revolted city of Babylon, and led an expedition of 700,000 men against the Scythians on the Danube, from which he extricated himself after suffering great losses. To revenge himself against the Athenians who had promoted a revolt of the Ionian cities, he sent an army under Mardonius to invadeGreece. But the ships of Mardonius were destroyed by a storm in doublingMountAthos in 492 BC, and his army was cut to pieces by the Thracians. Darius, however, fitted out a second expedition of 500,000 men, which was met on the plains of Marathon by an Athenian army 10,000 strong, under Miltiades, and completely defeated in 490 BC. Darius had determined on a third expedition when he died in 485 BC. Research Darius I
The Handley Page Marathon was a British medium-range feeder-line aircraft of the 1950's. The Marathon failed to impress in its designed role and was converted into advanced navigation trainers for the RAF under the designation Marathon T Mk II. The Marathon was a high-wing cantilever monoplane powered by four De Havilland Gipsy Queen 70-3 or 70-4 six-cylinder in-line inverted air-cooled engines providing a top speed of 374 kmh and a range of 1150 km depending upon payload. The Marathon carried a crew of two and between 18 and 22 passengers. Research Marathon
Abbreviations
Research Abebe Bikila
