The Karabair is an old Uzbek breed of horse developed through a mix of Arab and Mongol horses. The Karabair stands between 14.2 and 15 hands high and is mostly grey, chestnut or brown in colour. A fast, and courageous breed, the Karabair is used for riding and driving as well as to play the fast and violent Uzbek game of Kokpar. Research Karabair
Babur was the first Mogul Emperor of India. He was born in 1483 at Ferghana, Central Asia and died in 1530. He was born into a princely family of mixed Mongol and Turkishblood. Failure to recover his father's lands caused him to turn reluctantly south-east, for India seemed to present the last hope for his ambitions. Defeat of Ibrahim Lodi, the Afghan ruler of Delhi, at the battle of Panipat in 1526 initiated 200 years of strong Mogul rule in India. Having conquered much of northern India,
Babur ruled by force, lacking any civil administration. In addition to his military genius, he possessed a love of learning and wrote his own memoirs. Research Babur
Genghis Khan was a Mongolianchieftain and warrior. He was born in 1162 and died in 1227. His father was chief over thirty or forty clans, but paid tribute to the Tartar Khan. He succeeded his father when only fourteen years of age, and made himself master of the neighbouring tribes. A great number of tribes now combined their forces against him. But he found a powerful protector in the great Khan of the Karaite Mongols, Oung, or Ung, who gave him his daughter in marriage. After much intestine warfare with various Tartar tribes Genghis was proclaimed Khan of the United Mongol and Tartar tribes. He now professed to have a divine call to conquer the world, and the idea so animated the spirit of his soldiers that they were easily led on to new wars.
The country of the Uigurs, in the centre of Tartary, had long excited his ambition. This nation was easily subdued, and Genghis Khan was now master of the greatest part of Tartary. Soon after several Tartar tribes put themselves under his dominion, and in 1209 he passed the great wall of China. The conquest of China occupied the Mongols more than six years. The capital, then called Yenking, now Beijing, was taken by storm in 1215 and plundered. The murder of the ambassadors whom Genghis Khan had sent to the King of Kharism (now Khiva) occasioned the invasion of Turkestan in 1218 with an army of 700,000 men; and the two cities of Bokhara and Samarcand were stormed, pillaged, and burned. Seven years in succession was the conqueror busy in the work of destruction, pillage, and subjugation, and extended his ravages to the banks of the Dnieper.
In 1225, though more than sixty years old, he marched in person at the head of his whole army against the King of Tangut (South-western China), who had given shelter to two of his enemies, and had refused to give them up. A great battle was fought, in which the King of Tangut was totally defeated with the loss of 300,000 men. The victor remained some time in his newly-subdued provinces, from which he also sent two of his sons to complete the conquest of Northern China. At his death his immense dominions were divided among his four sons. Research Genghis Khan
Mongols are any of the various Mongol (or Mongolian) ethnic groups of Central Asia. Mongols live in Mongolia, Russia, Inner Mongolia (China), Tibet, and Nepal. The Mongol language belongs to the Altaic family; some groups of Mongol descent speak languages in the Sino-Tibetan family, however. The Mongols are primarily pastoral nomads, herding sheep, horses, cattle, and camels. Traditionally the Mongols moved with their animals in summer to the higher pastures, returning in winter to the lower steppes. Research Mongol
The Tartars (more correctly Tatars) are a Slavonic people akin to the Mongols. They live in central Asia and ethnically hold an intermediate position between Europeans and Mongols. The name Tartar was incorrectly applied by Europeans to the Mongol followers of Genghis Khan and the Mongol hordes. Research Tartars
The Mig-21 (NATO codename Faceplate, later codenamed Fishbed), is a Soviet single-seater short range delta-wing interceptor or fighter aircraft first shown publicly in 1956. Since entering service in 1959 over 5000 Mig-21 aircraft have been manufactured, with more than 1000 operational with the air forces of at least 33 countries. The Mig-21 is powered by a MNPK Soyuz R-13-300 turbojet providing a top speed of Mach 2.1 and a maximum range of 1800 km when fitted with three drop tanks. Fixed armaments consist of one 23 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L two-barrel cannon in a detachable ventral pack. Four under-wing hard points can be fitted with 1500 kg of disposable stores including AA-2 air-to-air missiles, free-fall bombs and unguided rockets. A two-seat trainer version, NATO codenamed Mongol, was also produced. Research Mig-21
The Republic of Kazakhstan is a country in central Asia. The area now known as Kazakhstan was under Mongol control from the 13th century until Russia took over in the 18th century. In 1917 Kazakhstan revolted against the Czarist rule and demanded independence, only to be invaded in 1920 by the newly formed Russian Red Army, and the region was made the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1926 the name was changed to Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1936 the region became a full union republic within the USSR. In 1991 Kazakhstan declared itself independent and, upon the dissolution of the USSR, joined the Commonwealth of Independent States. Research Kazakhstan
The Republic of Mongolia is a country in central east Asia. It has a total area of 1,565,000 km2. The climate is desert and continental with large daily and seasonal temperature ranges. The terrain is comprised of a vast semi-desert and desert plains with mountains in the west and south-west and the Gobi Desert in the south-east. Natural resources are coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar and gold. The religion is predominantly Tibetan Buddhist and about 4% Muslim. The language is Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese.
Originally Mongolia was inhabited by nomads, until the area was united by Genghis Khan in 1206 and formed part of the MongolEmpire. In 1689 control of Inner Mongolia, the southern part of the country was taken by China, though Outer Mongolia, the northern part of the country remained an autonomous Buddhist monachy. In 1911 Mongolia bacame autonomous, in 1924 forming the Mongolian People's Republic. Research Mongolia
Abbreviations
Research Karabair
