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Dean Gooderham Acheson was an American lawyer and politician. He was born in 1893 at Middletown, Connecticut and died in 1971. Educated at Yale and Harvard, he joined the department of state in 1941, where he was Under-Secretary from 1945 until 1947 and Secretary of State in the Truman administration from 1949 until 1953. He developed US policy for the containment of Communism, helped to formulate the Marshall Plan of 1947 and participated in the establishment of NATO in 1949. His works include Power and Diplomacy, published in 1958, Morning and Noon, published in 1965, and Present at the Creation published in 1969, for which he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
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Lester Bowles Pearson was a Canadian statesman. He was born in 1897 at Newtonbrook, Ontario, and died in 1972. He was educated at the University of Toronto and the University of Oxford. In 1928 he joined the Canadian department of external affairs as first secretary. His foreign assignments took him to London and to Washington, D.C., where he was ambassador from 1945 to 1946. He returned to Canada in 1946 and became undersecretary of state for external affairs; in 1948 he was named secretary of state for external affairs. He early advanced proposals for a Western alliance, which culminated in the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
A member of the Canadian delegation to the UN from 1948 to 1957, Pearson was president of the Seventh UN General Assembly from 1952 to 1953. In 1957 Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his formulation of international policy in the post-Second World War period, and especially for his plan that led to the establishment of a UN emergency force in the
Suez Canal area in 1956. In 1958 he was selected to lead the Liberal party of Canada. In the elections of 1963 the Liberal party won a majority, and Pearson became prime minister, retiring in April 1968. Later in 1968 Pearson was appointed to head a commission sponsored by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to review and chart the future of economic aid to developing countries.
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Pavel Sudoplatov was a Soviet spymaster. He was born in 1907 at Meltiopol in the Ukraine. As a Soviet intelligence officer responsible for 'special tasks', Pavel Sudoplatov was responsible for the assassination of Leon Trotsky and during the Second World War was in charge of guerrilla warfare and disinformation in Germany and in German-occupied territories. Following the Second World War, Pavel Sudoplatov ran networks of 'illegals' whose job was, in the event of a NATO attack on the Soviet Union, to engage in sabotage of NATO military establishments. Pavel Sudoplatov also was in charge of networks of spies providing the Soviet Union with information on atomic weapons - which, despite his claims, were not 'convinced' to provide information but rather many of the spies he controlled were happy to provide information to the USSR in support for the Soviet Communist philosophy.
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Radovan Karadzic is a Serbian politician. He was born in 1945 at Montenegro. The leader of the Bosnian-Serb community's unofficial government of 1992 to 1996, he co-founded the Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1990 and in 1992 launched the siege of Sarajevo that started a civil war. A succession of peace initiatives to end the conflict failed because of his ambitious demands for Serbian territory, and he was subsequently implicated in war crimes allegedly committed in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In the autumn of 1995, following a sustained NATO bombardment of Bosnian Serb military positions around Sarajevo, he agreed to enter peace negotiations and in November signed the American-sponsored Dayton peace accord, under the terms of which he was forced to step down as the Bosnian Serb prime minister. The accord divided Bosnia into separate Muslim, Croat, and Serb areas, and although this sought to excluded him from further political leadership he remained a dominant force behind the scenes. In 1995 he was
charged with genocide and crimes against humanity at the Yugoslav War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands - a tribunal he refuses to recognise - and subsequently defied NATO orders to arrest him on sight by continuing to travel openly about the region until he was finally arrested in 2000 and taken to The Hague to stand trial.
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The Heckler and Koch HK53 is a compact German delayed blowback selective fire assault rifle or sub-machine-gun. The HK53 is chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge and takes a 25 or 30-round magazine. It has a cyclic rate of 700 rounds-per-minute automatic with three-round burst and semi-automatic single shot operations selectable, and a muzzle velocity of 735 metres per second and an effective range of 400 metres. The Heckler and Koch HK53 has a retractable butt and a 225 mm long barrel. It is fitted with a post foresight and a rearsight comprising a V battle sight at 100 metres with apertures for 200, 300 and 400 metres.
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The .223 Remington (5.56 mm NATO) cartridge was developed along side the Armalite AR15 assault rifle and introduced in 1957.
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The .308 Winchester (7.62 mm NATO) cartridge is an American small-arms cartridge produced after the Second World War and adopted by NATO as their standard calibre.
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The AAT-F1 is a French general purpose machine-gun produced since 1952 in 7.5 mm French service and 7.62 mm NATO calibres. It operates with a delayed blowback operation and fires 700 rounds per minute from a 50-round belt feed.
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The Accuracy International AW is a British bolt-action sniping rifle based upon the L96A1 design. The AW is chambered for the 7.62 mm NATO (.308 Winchester) cartridge which it takes from a 10-round magazine.
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ACLANT (Allied Command Atlantic) was one of two major NATO commands. It was based at Norfolk, Virginia and was responsible for security from the North Pole southwards covering the northern tropics, and was primarily concerned with anti-submarine work using land-based aircraft with a smaller proportion of American Navy carrier-borne aircraft and surface vessels from a variety of member countries.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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