The Long Service & Good Conduct Medal (known to soldiers as the 'Undetected Crime Medal') is a British army award given in recognition of long service with irreproachable character and conduct. The Long Service & Good Conduct Medal is silver and circular in shape with a fixed suspender bearing the words 'Regular Army'. The obverse of the medal shows the crowned effigy of Queen Elizabeth II, while the reverse bears the words 'For Long service and Good Conduct'. The medal is suspended from a ribbon, maroon in colour, flanked at the edges by narrow stripes of white. The medal is awarded to soldiers who completes 15 years reckonable service from date of attestation or age 171/2, whichever is later, and who have never been guilty of an offence or misconduct. As the Long Service & Good Conduct Medal requires the recommendation of the individuals' commanding officer, it can only be awarded to serving personnel. Research Long Service & Good Conduct Medal
A cent is typically a small coin denoting one hundredth of a larger denomination, such as one hundredth of a dollar or Euro.
In America, the cent is a copper coin stamped with various designs and issued first by the States, later by the Federal Government. Vermont was the first State to issue copper cents, having permitted in June, 1785, Reuben Harmon Jr., to make money for the State for two years. He started a mint at Rupert, Bennington County, coining the Vermont cent of 1785. This coin had on the obverse, wooded mountains and a rising sun with a plough, and the inscription Vermontis. Res. Publica. Exergue 1785. On the reverse was a ring surrounded by thirteen stars with rays springing from the circle; and the legend, Stella. Quarta. Decima.
Connecticut, in October, 1785, granted to Bishop, Hopkins, Hillhouse and Goodrich the right to coin 10,000 pounds of copper cents, known as the Connecticut cent of 1785. These had on the obverse, a mailed bust, head laureated; and the legend, Auctori. Connec. On the reverse they were marked with the goddess of Liberty grasping an olive branch in her right hand and liberty staff in her left, which was surmounted by a liberty cap; and the legend, Inde Et Lib Exergue 1785.
Massachusetts established a mint in 1786, and coined $60,000 in cents and half cents. These were marked on the obverse of the cent with a clothed Indian, in his right hand a bow, in his left an arrow; and the legend, Common + Wealth. On the reverse was marked a spread eagle, a shield on his breast bearing the word cent, his talons grasping an olive branch and a bundle of arrows; And the legend, Massachusetts, Exergue 1787, beneath a horizontal bar.
New Jersey granted to Goadsby and Cox, in 1786, the right to coin 10,000 pounds at fifteen coppers to the shilling, known as the New Jerseycopper coin of 1786. These were marked on the obverse with a horse's head, heraldic wreath and a plough; and the legend, Nova. Csesarea. Exergue 1786. On the reverse was a shield; and the legend, E Pluribus Unum.
In 1781 the Continental Congress directed Robert Morris to look into the matter of Governmental Coinage. Robert Morris proposed a money unit equal to one-fourth of a grain of fine silver, an equivalent of one-fourteen-hundred-and-fortieth of a Spanish dollar. The coin equal to one hundred of these units was to be called a cent from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred, 500 units a quint, 10,000 units a mark. These were not accepted, but in 1784 Jefferson proposed in his coinage report to Congress that 'the smallest coin be of copper, of which two hundred shall pass for one dollar'. In 1786 the hundredth was substituted. Copper cents began to be coined in the USA in 1793. In 1796 their weight was reduced and in 1857 the small nickel cent was substituted, and in 1864 the small bronze. Research Cent
The Fugio, also known as Franklin and sun-dial cents, were the earliest copper coins struck off by order of the US Government, from the dies of Abel Buel, in 1787. The first was struck off in New York. On the obverse it was engraved with thirteen linked rings, making an endless chain. And the legend: United States, inscribed around a small central field enclosing the inscription, We are one. On the reverse was an erect sun-dial, the sun appearing above and the legend: Fugio, 1787. Exergue: Mind your business. Research Fugio
The Granby Token was a private or unauthorized coinage issued in Connecticut in 1737 by John Higley, of Granby. It was made of copper. On the obverse was a deer and the legend, Value Me as You Please; Roman numerals III and a crescent. On the reverse were three hammers upon a triangular field, each bearing a crown and the legend: I Am Good Copper. Research Granby Token
The Hot Lips is a variety of the American 1888-O silverdollar struck from doubled obversedie (a manufacturing mistake) that leaves Liberty with two sets of lips. Research Hot Lips
The mark was from 1871 to the start of 2002 the currency of Germany.
In the USA, a silver coin, known as a mark, weighing eleven penny weights six grains, was offered by Morris to the Continental Congress in 1783 for consideration as a national coin, but not accepted. It was equivalent to ten of his cents, seventy American cents. On the obverse the decoration consisted of an eye, the centre of a glory, thirteen-points cross, equidistant a circle of as many stars; with the legend: Nova Constellatio. On the reverse was US 1.000, a wreath surrounding and the legend: Libertas. Justitia. 1783. This, with the quint, were known as the Nova Constellatio patterns.
The Maryland penny was a copper coin of the value of two cents, coined in England by LordBaltimore in 1659, and issued in Maryland the same year. The obverse of this penny was stamped with a profilebust of LordBaltimore. The reverse contained a ducal coronet upon which were erected two masts, each bearing a flying pennant with the legend Denarium: Terrae-Mariae. This coin was issued simultaneously with the Maryland shilling. Research Maryland Penny
Pine-tree money was coinage minted in Massachusetts, USA during the 17th century, and derives its name from a figure resembling a pine tree stamped on one side. These coins had the value of 12d., 6d. and 3d. pieces, that value being denoted by the figure XII, VI or III stamped upon the reverse.The largest of the coins was known as the Pine Tree Shilling and was issued in 1653. The obverse contained the representation of a pine tree encircled by a grained ring, with the legend Mathosets In. Research Pine-tree Money
The Quint was an American silver coin equal to about thirty-five cents and weighing five pennyweights, fifteen grains, presented to the Continental Congress in 1783, by Robert Morris for consideration as a national coin, but not accepted. On the obverse it was decorated with an eye, thirteen points cross, equidistant, a circle of as many stars and the legend: Nova Constellatio. On the reverse it was decorated with US 500. a wreath surrounding and the legend: Libertas, Justitia. This coin, with the mark, formed the Nova Constellatio coinage. Research Quint
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Long Service & Good Conduct Medal
