Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1732 at Rohrau and died in 1809. At the age of six he was sent to school at Haimburg, where he learned, among other things, singing and playing by rote. On account of the excellence of his voice he was appointed a choir-boy at St. Stephen's Church, Vienna. At the age of sixteen his voice began to break, and he lost his situation as a chorister. Having made the acquaintance of Metastasio, Porpora, and Cluck, Joseph Haydn gradually attracted public attention, was appointed organist to two churches, and obtained many pupils.
From 1761 to 1790 he was musical director to Prince Esterhazy, and composed during this period a great number of works, including some 120 symphonies for the orchestra, 12 operas, etc. In 1791 and 1794 he visited England, staying there nearly three years altogether, and writing his operaOrpheus and Eurydice. In 1798 he published his oratorio of the Creation, and in 1800 that of the Seasons. His old age was exempt from pecuniary troubles, and he was surrounded by appreciative friends. His last public appearance was at a performance of his Creation in 1808. Joseph Haydn's principal merit consists in his opening up a new development of instrumental composition, of which his 125 orchestral symphonies furnish abundant proof. He may be said to be the originator of the symphony and of the stringed quartette. Research Joseph Haydn
Robert Henryson was a Scottish poet. He was born about 1425 and died about 1506. He spent most of his life at Dunfermline, where he was schoolmaster. The Testament of Oresseid, his most important work, is a continuation of Chaucer's Troilus and Creseide, though with individual merit;
and he was probably the author of the early Scottish pastoral, Kobin and Makyne. Amongst his other works were a Tale of Orpheus, The Moral fables of AEsop in Scottish metre, and an allegorical ballad, The Bludy Serk. Research Robert Henryson
Calliope was the muse of eloquence and heroic poems. She was the chief of the muses, and was said to have been the mother of Orpheus by Apollo. Research Calliope
In Greek mythology, Eurydice was the wife of Orpheus. She was a dryad, or forestnymph, and died from a snake bite. Orpheus attempted unsuccessfully to fetch her back from the realm of the dead. Research Eurydice
Orpheus was a mythical Greek poet and musician. The son of Apollo and a muse (possibly Calliope), he married Eurydice, who died from the bite of a snake.
Orpheus went down to Hades to bring her back and her return to life was granted on condition that he walk ahead of her without looking back. He did look back and Eurydice was irretrievably lost. In his grief, he offended the maenad women of Thrace, and was torn to pieces by them. Research Orpheus
The Aeritalia G91 is an Italian single-seat light attack, close support and reconnaissance fighter developed to NATO operational requirements issued in early 1954, and first flown in 1956 (as the Fiat G.91). The Aeritalia G91 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane of metal construction powered by a Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 803 turbojet engine providing a top speed of about 1045 kmh depending upon model. The Italian version is armed with four 0.5 inch Colt-Browning M3 machine-guns, the Portuguese version with two 30 mm DEFA 552 cannon, both gun arrangements located in the sides of the forward fuselage. Up to 1500 kg of disposable stores can be carried on four hard points two under each wing.
A photographic-reconnaissance version of the G91 is produced as the G91R, and a tandem two-seater trainer version as the G91T. Research Aeritalia G91
The Fiat G.91 'Small Sabre' was an Italian single-seater fighter/reconnaissance and tactical support aircraft produced from 1958 to 1977. The Fiat G.91 R-3 was powered by a Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 801/02 turbojet providing a top speed of 1090 kmh and a range of 1850 km. Armaments consisted of two 30 mm cannons and 1500 lbs of bombs. Variations of the Fiat G.91 were produced including a two-seater trainer aircraft, the G.91 T-1 and an assault version, the G.91 Y, powered by two General Electric J85-GE-13A turbojets providing a top speed of 1110 kmh and a range of 1500 km, and which was armed with two 30 mm cannons and carried 4000 lbs of bombs. Research Fiat G.91
The Folland FO-141 (Gnat) was a British single-seater light fighter aircraft designed for export. The Folland FO-141 was a shoulder-wing cantilever, swept-wing monoplane powered by a Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 701 turbojet engine providing a top speed of 1026 kmh and a range of 925 km from 240 gallons of fuel carried internally and 60 gallons in two under-wing drop tanks. Armaments consisted of two 30 mm Aden cannons mounted in the air intake fairings, one each side of the fuselage, and provision for carrying two 500 lb bombs or twelve 3-inch rockets or other disposable stores on two under-wing mountings. An advanced trainer variation was also produced and used by the British RAF from 1962 until 1979. Research Folland FO-141
The Fuji T-1 is a Japanese intermediate flying and armament jet trainer aircraft in service since 1960. The Fuji T-1 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane powered by a Rolls-RoyceOrpheusBor.3 Mk 805 turbojet providing a top speed of 925 kmh and a range of 1300 km. The Fuji T-1 carries a pupil and instructor in tandem. Research Fuji T-1
The HA-300 was an Egyptian single-seater lightweight fighter aircraft first flown in 1964 and developed from the abortive Spanish Hispano HA-300 delta-wing fighter, work on the development of which was carried out in the late 1950's. The HA-300 was a mid-wing cantilever monoplane of delta platform powered by a Bristol Siddeley Orpheus Bor.2 turbojet engine providing a design speed of Mach 2.2. Research HA-300
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Joseph Haydn
