The Arundelian Marbles are a series of ancient sculptured marbles discovered by William Petty, who explored the ruins of Greece at the expense of and for Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel, who lived in the time of James I and Charles I, and was a liberal patron of scholarship and art. After the Restoration they were presented by the grandson of the collector to the University of Oxford. Among them is the Parian Chronicle, a chronological account of the principal events in Grecian, and particularly in Athenian history, during a period of 1318 years, from the reign of Cecrops (1450 BC) to the archonship of Diognetus (264 BC). Research Arundelian Marbles
The Bampton Lectures were a course of lectures established in 1751 by John Bampton, canon of Salisbury, who bequeathed certain property to the University of Oxford for the endowment of eight divinity lectures to be annually delivered. The subjects prescribed were mainly connected with the evidences of Christianity, and the lecturer must have taken the degree of M.A. at Oxford or Cambridge. The first course of lectures was delivered in 1780, and were delivered every year since, with the exceptions of 1834, 1835, and 1841. Among the more remarkable lectures were those by Dr. White in 1784, by Dr. Mant in 1812, by Reginald Heber in 1815, Whately in 1822, Milman in 1827, Dr. Hampden in 1832, Mr. Mansel in 1858, Canon Liddon in 1866, CanonGore in 1891. A similar course of lectures, the Hulsean, was annually delivered at Cambridge. Research Bampton Lectures
Blue is one of the seven colours into which the rays of light divide themselves when refracted through a glassprism, seen in nature in the clear expanse of the heavens; the term is also applied to a dye or pigment of this hue.
The substances used as blue pigments are of very different natures, and derived from various sources; they are all compound bodies, some being natural and others artificial. They are derived almost entirely from the vegetable and mineral kingdoms. The principal blues used in painting are ultramarine, which was originally prepared from lapis-lazuli or azure-stone - a mineral found in China and other oriental countries - but, as now prepared, it is an artificial compound of china-clay, carbonate of soda, sulphur, and charcoal; Prussian or Berlin blue, which is a compound of cyanogen and iron; blue bice, prepared from carbonate of copper; indigo blue, from the indigo plant. Besides these, there are numerous other blues used in art, as blue-verditer, smalt- and cobalt-blue, from cobalt, lacmus or litmus, etc.
Before the discovery of aniline or coal-tar colours dyers chiefly depended for their blues on woad, archil, indigo, and Prussian blue, but now a series of brilliant blues are obtained from coal-tar, possessing great tinctorial power and various degrees of durability.
Blue as a colour ranges from green-blue (turquoise) through to purple-blue (indigo).
Alice blue - A very light greenish-blue colour.
Aquamarine - A bluish-green colour.
Azure - A deep blue colour reminiscent of the sky.
Aquamarine - A pale greenish-blue colour.
Bice blue - A medium blue colour
Cambridge blue - A light blue colour.
Cobalt blue - A deep blue colour with a greenish-tint. The colour of old blue glass.
Brasenose is one of the colleges of Oxford University, founded by William Smith, bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard Sutton, in 1509. The origin of the name is doubtful, but there is a large nose of brass over the entrance. The college is very rich in endowments. Research Brasenose
The Clarendon Press was the name formerly given to the press at the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1672 and the printing house erected in 1711 to 1713 with profits from the sale of Lord Clarendon's 'History of the Rebellion', the copyright of which was given to the university by his son. Since 1830 the press has been known as the Oxford University Press. Research Clarendon Press
A college, in a general sense, is a body or society of persons invested with certain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or engaged in some common employment or pursuit. In Great Britain and America some societies of physicians are called colleges. So, also, there are colleges of surgeons, a college of heralds, etc.
The most familiar application of the term college, however, is to a society of persons engaged in the pursuits of literature, including the professors, lecturers, or other officers, and the students. As applied to an educational institution the name is somewhat loosely used. The higher class of colleges are those in which the students engage in study for the purpose of taking a degree in arts, medicine, or other subjects, and are connected with, or have more or less the character of universities. The early history of these institutions is somewhat obscure; the probability is that they were originally founded in the various universities of the middle ages, with similar objects and from the same charitable motives. Hostels or boarding-houses were provided (principally by the religious orders, for the benefit of those of their own fraternity), in which the scholars lived under a certain superintendence, and the endowment of these hostels by charitable persons for the support of poor scholars completed the foundation of a college. Out of this has developed the modern English college as seen at Oxford and Cambridge, where each college, though a member or component part of the university, is a separate establishment whose fellows, tutors, and students live together under a particular head, called master, principal, warden, etc, of the college. In Scotland, America, and Germany the college is practically one with the university, the latter body performing all the functions alike, of teaching, examining, degree-conferring, etc.
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, called also Benet College, was founded about 1352 by the united guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin, two fraternities of townspeople which used to meet for prayers at St BenedictChurch and St Mary's respectively. The endowments of the college were considerably increased by Archbishop Parker, who also bequeathed to it his valuable collection of manuscripts.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford is a college founded by Richard Fox, bishop of Winchester, under the license from Henry VIII in 1516. The foundation consisted of twenty fellows and twenty scholars. Research Corpus Christi College
A dictionary (from the Latin dictio, a saying, expression, word), is a book containing the words, or subjects, which it treats, arranged in alphabetical order. It may be either a vocabulary, or collection of the words in a language, with their definitions; or a special work on one or more branches of science or art prepared on the principle of alphabetical arrangement, such as dictionaries of biography, law, music, medicine, etc.
Amongst dictionaries of the English language, the earliest seem to have been those of Bullokar (1616) and Cockeram (1623). That of Dr Johnson published in 1755 made an epoch in this department of literature. Previous to this the chief English dictionary was that of Bailey, a useful work in its way. An enlarged edition of Johnson's dictionary, by the Rev. H. J. Todd, appeared in 1818; and this, again enlarged and modified, was issued under the editorship of Dr. R. G. Latham (1864-72).
The best-known American dictionary of the English language is that by Noah Webster, published in 1828, and since entirely recast. Richardson's dictionary, published in 1836-37, was valuable chiefly for its quotations. Ogilvie's Imperial English Dictionary, based on Webster, and first published in 1847-50, has been published in a remodelled and greatly enlarged form (in 4volumes 1881-82 and subsequently). It is one of the encyclopaedic dictionaries. Cassell's Encyclopaedic Dictionary was another extensive work published in 1879-88. Prior to the Oxord English Dictionary, the largest completed English dictionary was the Century Dictionary published in New York, 1889-91, in 6 volumes. The Standard Dictionary was another American work.
The Oxford English Dictionary was started under the editorship of James Murray, after agreement bty members of the Lodon Philological Societt in 1857 that existing dictionaries were incomplete and inaccurate. The first part of the 'A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles' as the Oxford Englisg Dictionary was originally called, was published by the Clarendon Press (later known as the Oxford University Press) in 1884, but it was not until 1928 that the last of ten volumes was published.
Among French dictionaries (for French people) the chief was that of Littre; among German, the dictionary begun by the brothers Grimm. Research Dictionary
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
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