Bambocciades are pictures, generally grotesque, of common, rustic, or low life, such as those of Peter Van Laar, a Dutch painter of the 17th century, who on account of his deformity was called Bamboccio (the cripple). Teniers is the great master of this style. Research Bambocciades
Brush Strokes was a British situation comedytelevision show following the exploits of an amorous, but charming, London painter and decorator ('Jacko' played by Karl Howman) and his eccentric employer ('Lionel' played by Gary Waldhorn). Brush Strokes was created by John Esmonde and Bob Larbey and produced by the BBC. Brush Strokes ran from 1986 to 1991. Research Brush Strokes
In painting, chiaroscuro is the distribution of the lights and shadows in a picture. A composition, however perfect in other respects, becomes a picture only by means of the chiaroscuro, which gives faithfulness to the representation, and therefore is of the highest importance for the painter. The drawing of a piece may be perfectly correct, the colouring may be brilliant and true, and yet the whole picture remain cold and hard. By the chiaroscuro objects are made to advance or recede from the eye, produce a mutual effect, and form a united and beautiful whole. Research Chiaroscuro
Genre painting is a type of painting concerned with the realistic depiction of scenes from everyday life. Originally the term was applied to all paintings that were factual representations of nature (animals, fruit, and landscapes), as well as scenes of ordinary life, rather than to works of imagination, such as religious and historical paintings. Genre paintings deal with ordinary life, including family life, sports, street scenes, picnics, festivals, and tavern scenes. They are usually characterised by human interest and by the care and finish with which they are executed.
Genre painting originated in ancient times. Many of the scenes painted on the walls of Egyptian tombs represent the daily life of the people of ancient Egypt. Excavations in the ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed many genre paintings, both conventional and erotic. In the late Middle Ages genre painting reappeared, represented chiefly in the religious calendars that formed part of the illuminations, or illustrations, of manuscript books; the calendars show people going about the occupations appropriate to each season of the year.
In Italy during the early Renaissance, many of the religious and historical pictures of such painters as the 15th-century Florentines Ghirlandaio and Benozzo Gozzoli and the later Venetians Giorgione and the Bassano family are considered genre paintings because of their contemporaneous backgrounds and costumes as well as their use of people of the times as models. In 17th- century Italy, Mannerist painters such as Caravaggio executed genre paintings of extreme realism and dramatic power. In the 15th century the Flemish painter Petrus Christus in some of his religious paintings represented scenes from ordinary life, and in the following two centuries genre painting rose to its highest level in history with the work of the Flemish artists Pieter Brueghel the Elder, David Teniers, and Adriaen Brouwer. The greatest national school of genre painting was that of the Netherlands in the 17th century. Probably never before or after was the ordinary life of a nation depicted so fully as was the Dutch life of this period. Not only the great masters but also the less outstanding Dutch painters excelled in it.
The most important of the Dutch genre painters were the so-called little masters, including Gerard Ter Borch, Jan Steen, Gabriel Metsu, Pieter de Hooch, Gerard Dou, and Adrian Van Ostade. The three leading 17th-century Dutch masters, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Jan Vermeer, also created genre paintings of unrivalled beauty. French genre painting showed a vital development in the work of Antoine Watteau, Nicolas Lancret, Jean Baptiste Chardin, and Jean Honore Fragonard. One of the most noted English genre painters was the great satirist William Hogarth. In the 19th century, genre painting was widely practised in both Europe and the USA Among the outstanding European painters in this style were the French painters Jean Leon Gerome and Jean Meissonier, the English painter William Powell Frith, and the American painter William Sidney Mount, known as the 'JanSteen of Long Island.' Among the many 19th- and 20th- century American painters whose work included genre painting were Robert Henri, John Sloan, George Wesley Bellows, George B Luks, Charles E Burchfield, Reginald Marsh, Grant Wood, and Thomas Hart Benton. Research Genre Painting
The puma (Felis concolor) is a large wild cat found in the Americas where it is often also called a panther, painter, cougar and catamount. Next to the jaguar, the puma is the largest American cat, and once ranged from New England and British Columbia to Patagonia. In the adult the upper surface is a uniform tawny colour, except for a dark streak along the middle of the back, and a dark tip to the tail, while the under surface is of a paler tint. he presence in the young, however, of a ringed tail and of spots on the body shows that the puma's ancestors possessed characteristically feline colouration.
Pumas vary greatly in size, sometimes reaching 2.5 metres from nose to the tip of the tail, the tail being usually about a metre long, but usually the body is about a metre long. The puma lives in low-lying plains and on mountain slopes both in forests and in treeless pampas where it feeds on larger animals, typically horses, sheep, deer, larger rodents, birds, rats, mice and fish. Research Puma
Lucas Cranach (also known as Lucas Kranach) was a German painter born. He was born in 1472 and died in 1553. He was patronized by Frederick of Saxony, and accompanied him in his pilgrimage to Jerusalem. On the commencement of the Reformation movement he became the intimate friend of Luther and Melanchthon, whose portraits, as taken by him, are among the most interesting memorials of the age. His works, chiefly portraits and historical subjects, are numerous and much prized. Research Lucas Cranach
Abraham Bloemaart was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1565 and died in 1657. He was the son of an architect and sculptor, who sent him to Paris, where he studied for three years, subsequently returning to Amsterdam and Utrecht, where he settled and painted all sorts of subjects, his landscapes being the most esteemed. Research Abraham Bloemaart
Adolf Schreyer was a German painter. He was born in 1828 at Frankfort-on-Main and died in 1899. He notably painted battle scenes and animals. Research Adolf Schreyer
Adolphe William Bouguerea was a French painter. He was born in 1825 and died in 1905. He studied for seven years at the Ecole des Beaux Arts from 1843 to 1850, and for five years at Rome from 1850 to 1855, and in 1855 made a name for himself by his Martyr's Triumph, a picture representing the body of St Cecilia borne to the Catacombs. His works are very numerous, and are generally marked by refinement and elegance. Many of them deal with subjects connected with classical mythology, the Triumph of Venus being the chief. Some are religious or ecclesiastical in subject, a certain number being frescoes, and others portraits, etc. Research Adolphe Bouguereau
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Abbreviations
Research Bambocciades
