Sir Edward Pakenham was an English soldier. He was born in 1778 and died in 1815. He served in the Peninsular War and in the South of France under the Duke of Wellington. He succeeded General Ross in command of a British force employed against New Orleans in 1814. His troops were defeated by General Jackson on January the 8th, 1815, and he was killed during the battle. Research Edward Pakenham
The Battle of New Orleans occurred on January the 8th, 1815. In December, 1814, 7000 British troops, under General Pakenham, were transported from Jamaica to Lake Borgne for an attack on New Orleans. General Jackson made every possible preparation to resist them. On December the 23rd, December 28th and January 1st, he had gained minor successes over them. But Pakenham was reinforced to 10,000 men. The decisive battle occurred on January the 8th, 1815.
General Jackson with 5000 men drew up his first line in three detachments, two on the left bank and one of 800 men under General Morgan on the right bank. The line was defended by numerous batteries and redoubts, and by an armed vessel, the Louisiana. General Pakenham, with 10,000 veteran troops, planned an attack in three divisions. On the night before the battle ColonelThornton was ordered to cross the river and attack General Morgan. At dawn, the British second division, under General Gibbs, attacked Jackson's left, and soon after, the third division, under General Keane, attacked the right. This last movement was at first successful and captured part of Jackson's works, but the battery and musketry fire was so deadly that they fell back in disorder.
Meantime from this division General Keane had detached half to assist the second division under General Gibbs. This had attacked Jackson's strongest position. As they advanced to the charge they were killed by the hundreds, yet did not falter. When within 200 yards of the American line, the Kentucky and Tennessee riflemen, deadly shots, four ranks deep, fired line by line. The slaughter was terrible, but the British, now reinforced by General Keane's troops, pressed on up to the very parapets. But Generals Pakenham and Gibbs were both mortally wounded. General Keane and Major Wilkinson, the next in command, were so severely wounded that they were carried from the field and the British fell back in disorder.
Colonel Thornton's division had meantime captured General Morgan's position on the right bank of the river, but was recalled in view of the defeat on the other side. The British lost in this battle 700 killed, 1400 wounded, and 500 prisoners. The American loss was eight killed and thirteen wounded. Occurring after the conclusion of peace at Ghent, the battle had no lasting results, but was famous as the one great success won by American land forces in the War of 1812. Research Battle of New Orleans
HMS Pakenham was a British Onslow Class destroyer of 1540 tons displacement launched in 1941 as HMS Onslow and sunk during the Second World War. HMS Pakenham was powered by two Admiralty 3-drum type boilers providing a top speed of 34 knots. She was armed with four 4.7 inch guns; four 2 pdrpom-pom guns; eight 20 mm anti-aircraft guns and eight 21 inch torpedo tubes. Research Pakenham
Louisiana (the Creole State) is a state in south USA. Louisiana was acquired by purchase from France in 1803. It was first visited by the Spaniard De Soto in 1541, who was buried in the Mississippi. In 1682 La Salle descended the river and took formal possession of the region in the name of Louis XIV in whose honour it was named.
In 1706 New Orleans was founded by Bienville. John Law secured control of the colony as a part of his Mississippi scheme in 1717. In 1762 France transferred her title to Spain, wlio restored the country again to France in 1800. Napoleon, following the plan of La Salle, proposed to found a new France in America, but was finally induced to sell the entire territory to the United States for $15,000,000 in 1803. The following year the Territory of Orleans was formed from the portion of this vast purchase south of 33 degrees north latitude. The northern portion was organized as the Louisiana Territory, the name of which was afterward changed to Missouri.
In April 1812, the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana. The final battle of the War of 1812 was fought at New Orleans after peace had been made at Ghent, but before the news had reached America. General Jackson repulsed with great slaughter the attack of the British under Sir Edward Pakenham upon New Orleans. From 1812 until 1830 the State was Democratic. After 1830 until 1850 the Whigs were usually in the majority. The State was carried for Polk in 1844 by fraud. The sugar planters wished for protection against foreign sugar. An ordinance of secession was passed in convention on January the 26th, 1861. New Orleans was captured by United States forces on April the 25,1862. The State was restored to its place in the Union on June the 25th
1868.
In July, 1871, the Republican party became divided into two factions, led by Warmoth and Kellogg. In January, 1872, there were two rival Legislatures; open conflict had been prevented by troops. Two candidates, McEnery and Kellogg, were nominated for Governor, and on January the 14th, 1873, both were inaugurated as Governor. Two rival US Senators were elected. The Kellogg government was supported by the President at Washington. In 1876 the vote of. the State was claimed by both parties, but was finally given to the Republicans by the Electoral Commission.
Louisiana is unusual, in being the only state of the USA divided into parishes, rather than counties as are all the other states.
Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, USA. Research Louisiana
Abbreviations
Research Edward Pakenham
