The genioglossus (geniohyoglossus) is a flat triangular muscle that originates from the inner surface of the front of the mandible (lower jaw) and the hyoid bone and inserts in the tongue, from the apex (tip) to the base. There are two genioglossus muscles, one on each side of the tongue. When the two muscle contract at the same time, the tongue is protruded by its whole foundation being pulled forward. This muscle is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. The
genioglossus, the styloglossus, the palatoglossus and the hyoglossus work together to move the tongue. Research Genioglossus
The hyoglossus is a thin, flat strap of muscle located on each side of the tongue. It originates from the side of the wishbone-shaped hyoid bone in the throat and passes vertically to be inserted inside of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (motor) and the lingual nerve (sensory) and supplied by the lingual artery. When the two hyoglossus muscles contract, they depress the tongue and turn the sides down. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, the palatoglossus and the hyoglossus work together to move the tongue. Research Hyoglossus
The palatoglossus muscle (glossopalatinus) originates from the soft palate and inserts on the side of the tonge. Humans have one on each side of the tongue. The two palatoglossus muscles work together to raise the back of the tongue. These two muscle are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, the
palatoglossus and the hyoglossus work together to move the tongue. Research Palatoglossus
The styloglossus is a small and short muscle. One is located on each side of the tongue. The muscles link the sides of the tongue to the base of the skull via the bony styloid process, extending downward from the temporal bones. Contraction of these two muscles pulls the tongue back and up. The genioglossus, the styloglossus, the palatoglossus and the hyoglossus work together to move the tongue. Research Styloglossus
 
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Matt and Leela Probert