|
Albert Einstein was a German Swiss mathematical physicist. He was born in 1879, and died 1955. His first job was in a patent office in Berne, where, finding the work undemanding, he turned his attention to problems in theoretical physics and in 1905 successfully used the quantum theory to explain the photoelectric effect, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. In 1905 he also published a paper on molecular motion, and a paper in which he put forward the special theory of relativity, describing the effects of motion on observed values of length, mass, and time. One consequence of his theory is that mass, m, is equivalent to energy, E, a concept expressed by the equation E = mc2, where c is the speed of light. This equation is the basis of all calculations of the energy released by nuclear reactions. He extended his ideas in the general theory of relativity which was published in 1915, and which is concerned with gravitation and the effects of accelerated motion.
The first independent verification of general relativity was obtained in 1919 when the bending of light was observed during an eclipse. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. However, he was unable to accept as final the probabilistic description of physics which quantum theory involved. In 1913 he returned to his native Germany to take up a professorship at the University of Berlin, but as a Jew he experienced Nazi persecution, and in 1932 was forced to leave the country. After a brief stay in Britain he settled in the USA, and eventually became an American citizen.
 Research Albert Einstein
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga was a Japanese theoretical physicist. He was born in 1906 at Tokyo and died in 1979. He developed the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and developed methods for calculating the interaction between electrons, positrons and photons (as did also Feynman and Schwinger). He graduated from Kyoto University in 1929 and became professor of physics at the University of Tokyo in 1941 and President of the University 1956. In 1965 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
Research Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
Complex quantum mechanics is a highly advanced, esoteric area of theoretical physics, forming an extension of the discipline of quantum mechanics, and was devised by Carl Bender around 2002 while working in London. Carl Bender believes complex quantum mechanics to be a mathematical breakthrough and a major advance in the basic theory of quantum mechanics. According to Carl Bender, complex quantum mechanics provides a framework for describing the nature of antiparticles. It offers the possibility that a particle and its corresponding antiparticle need not have identical masses, and thus it may provide insight into the puzzle of why there is so much more matter than antimatter in the universe. Moreover, complex quantum mechanics gives a setting for exploring the physics of the Higgs particle, which is the as yet unobserved and most poorly understood component of modern particle physics.
Research Complex Quantum Mechanics
A photon is a light quantum, that is a definite amount of radiation having a frequency within the visible spectrum. A photon is emitted from an excited atom when one of the orbital electrons, having been transferred to an orbit of higher energy level, suddenly returns to its former orbit.
Research Photon
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of the lines in a spectrum when the source of the spectrum is exposed to a magnetic field. It was discovered in 1896 by P. Zeeman. In the normal Zeeman effect a single line is split into three if the field is perpendicular to the light path or two lines if the field is parallel to the light path. This effect can be explained by classical electromagnetic principles in terms of the speeding up and slowing down of orbital electrons in the source as a result of the applied field. The anomalous Zeeman effect is a complicated splitting of the lines into several closely spaced lines, so called because it does not agree with classical predictions. This effect is explained by quantum mechanics in terms of electron spin.
Research Zeeman Effect
QCD is an abbreviation for Quantum Chromodynamics
Research QCD
QED is an abbreviation for Quod Erat Demonstrandum
QED is an abbreviation for Quantum Electrodynamics
Research QED
QET is an abbreviation for Quantum Effect Transistor
Research QET
QFD is an abbreviation for Quality Function Deployment
QFD is an abbreviation for Quantum Flavour dynamics
Research QFD
QS is an abbreviation for Quantum Sufficit
Research QS
|
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
|
|
|
Abbreviations
