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James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the USA, for four months during 1881, until he was assassinated by a former supporter, Guiteau, armed with a British-made Bulldog revolver. James Abram Garfield was born in 1831 at Orange, Cuyahoga County and died in 1881. After miscellaneous experiences, including work on a canal tow-path, he entered Hiram College in Ohio. From there he went to Williams College, and graduated in 1856. For a short time he taught the classics in Hiram College, and in 1857 became the president of that institution.
Two years later he entered the State Senate. In the opening year of the war he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of volunteers; having been entrusted with a small independent command he routed the Confederates at Middle Creek, Kentucky on January the 10th, 1862. He was made a brigadier-general, served at Shiloh, etc., and became chief of staff in Rosecrans' Army of the Cumberland. In this capacity he rendered important services, and was made major-general after Chickamauga. He had been already elected to Congress, and took his seat in December, 1863. From this time he served continuously and was one of the leading debaters and orators on the Republican side. He was member of important committees, like Military Affairs and Ways and Means, and was chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency and on Appropriations. General Garfield served on the electoral Commission of 1877 and was elected US Senator from Ohio in 1880. The same year he attended the National Convention, and on the thirty-sixth ballot received the nomination, through the influence of James Blaine.
Entering office on March the 4th, 1881, he chose James Blaine for the State Department, Windom for the Treasury, and R. T. Lincoln for War. He became almost immediately involved in the Republican factional quarrels of New York. His appointment of the 'Half-Breed' Robertson to the collectorship of New York caused the 'Stalwart' Senators, Conkling and Platt, to resign and demand a 'vindication'. In the midst of these proceedings President Garfield was shot at Washington on July the 2nd, by Guiteau, dying in September of the same year from the wound.
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Samuel Colt was an American inventor. He was born in 1814 at Hartford, Connecticut and died in 1862. He ran away from home and joined the navy, and later patented the first successful percussion revolver first in England in 1835 and later in America in 1836.
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The 2.5 inch Northover Projector was a British weapon of the Second World War supplied mainly to Home Guard units. It was basically a three foot long smooth bore steel tube on legs which used a black powder charge ignited by a blank revolver cartridge to throw a hand grenade to an effective range of about 275 yards, giving an armour penetration of about 50 mm at 100 metres.
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The .357 Magnum is an American pistol cartridge developed by Smith and Wesson in 1935. The .357 Magnum has a calibre of .38, but is named 357 to distinguish its more powerful loading and longer case which prevent its use in a .38 calibre pistol or revolver.
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The Aden Mk 4 is a British 30 mm calibre, gas-operated single-barrel cannon fitted to aircraft. The Aden Mk 4 was developed during the Second World War from the German Mauser MG213C revolver cannon. The Aden Mk 4 has a rate of fire of 1200 to 1400 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 741 meters-per-second giving an effective range of 1510 metres.
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The Arminus Model 10 was a German revolver produced between 1895 and 1945. The
Arminus Model 10 was produced in .380 calibre, had a 5-chamber cylinder and a 65 mm barrel.
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The Astra 357 Police is a Spanish double-action revolver produced from 1980 as a replacement for the earlier Astra 357, having a stronger hammer and smoothed out front sight to reduce snagging. It has a six chambered cylinder and takes the .357 Magnum cartridge. Variants are produced chambered for the .38 Special and 9 mm Parabellum cartridges.
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The Astra 44 is a Spanish double-action revolver intended for military use, chambered for the .44 Magnum cartridge and fed with a 6-shot cylinder. As standard it is fitted with a 6-inch barrel, but a 9-inch barrel is also available.
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The Astra 45 is a Spanish double-action revolver intended for military use, chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge and fed with a 6-shot cylinder. As standard it is fitted with a 6-inch barrel, but a 9-inch barrel is also available.
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The Astra 960 is a Spanish double-action revolver intended for police use, chambered for the .38 Special cartridge and fed by a 6-shot cylinder. As standard it is fitted with a 4-inch barrel, but a 6-inch barrel is also available.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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