In law, battery is the intentional or reckless application of physical force to someone without his consent.
Battery is a form of trespass to the person and is a summary offence (punishable with a fine of up to 2000 pounds and/or six months' imprisonment) as well as a tort, even if no actual harm results. If actual harm does result, however, the consent of the victim may not prevent the act from being criminal, except when the injury is inflicted in the course of properly conducted sports or games (e.g. rugby or boxing) or as a result of reasonable surgical intervention, for example in the 'Spanner Case' a group of consenting adults were convicted for indulging in sado-masochistic sex acts. Research Battery
Fagging is a custom which formerly prevailed generally at most of the English schools, and was still practised at Eton, Winchester, Harrow, Rugby, and one or two other places at the start of the 20th century. It consists in making the junior boys act as servants or 'fags' in the performance of multifarious menial offices for the elder boys, such as carrying messages, preparing breakfast, etc, for their master, in return for which the elder boy accepts a certain responsibility for keeping order, and becomes the recognized adviser and protector of his 'fags.' Research Fagging
Rugby School is a famous British public school in Warwickshire. It was founded in 1567 by Lawrence Sheriff, a London tradesman. The school prospered under the headmastership of Dr Thomas Arnold who entered it in 1828. Research Rugby School
Tom Brown's Schooldays is a story by Thomas)Hughes, first published in 1857. It is a story of life at Rugby school under Arnold, and is one of the most successful of all school stories, and proves valuable for its faithful picture of English public school life at the period. In 1861 a sequel, Tom Brown at Oxford, was published but proved less popular. Research Tom Brown's Schooldays
Andrew Stoddart was an English cricketer and rugby union player. He was born in 1864 at South Shields and died in 1915. In 1885 he joined Hampstead CC and made his first appearance for Middlesex. Andrew Stoddart was renowned as a batsman, scoring 485 of the 814 total runs Hampstead scored against the Stoics on August the 4th 1886, as well as a batsman he was also a change bowler, though not of any merit. As a rugby union player, he was one of the finest of his time and played in ten international matches. Research Andrew Stoddart
Archibald Campbell Tait was a Scottish prelate and teacher. He was born in 1811 at Edinburgh and died in 1882. Educated at Glasgow University and at Balliol College, Oxford he became a fellow and tutor at Balliol College and was ordained into the Church of England in 1836. In 1842 he became head teacher of Rugby school and in 1849 Dean of Carlisle and in 1856 bishop of London. In 1868 he was chosen archbishop of Canterbury. Research Archibald Tait
Sir Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland was an English politician, educational reformer and former clergyman. He was born in 1847 at Holnicote, Somerset and died in 1926. Educated at Rugby and Oxford he became a Liberal member of parliament for Rotherham in 1885, serving until 1899. Research Arthur Acland
Arthur Hugh Clough was an English poet. He was born in 1819 at Liverpool and died in 1861. He studied under Dr. Arnold at Rugby, and then at Oxford, where he highly distinguished himself. On his return from a tour in America in 1852 he was appointed an examiner attached to the educational branch of the privy-council office. His poems, of which the best known are Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, Amours de Voyage, and the Tragedy of Dipaychus, were published, along with a memoir, by Mr. F. T. Palgrave, in 1862. Research Arthur Clough
Arthur Henry Stanton was a British divine. He was born in 1839 at Stroud and died in 1913. Educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Oxford he was ordained in 1862 and became curate at St Alban's, Holborn, where he remained until his death. He earned a reputation as a friend of the poor and as a keen social worker. Research Arthur Stanton
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Battery
