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The Apollo Project was the US space project to land a person on the moon in order to prove to the world the ideological superiority of the American system over that of Communist Russia. It was reportedly achieved by Apollo 11 in July 1969. The three-stage vehicle to carry the astronauts to the moon was code named Saturn, and the contract to develop the Apollo three-man spacecraft was awarded to North American Aviation Incorporated in 1961 by NASA. The first launch into orbit of an Apollo command module was made by Saturn SA-6 on May the 28th 1964, and the first manned flight was made after a fire during ground tests killed the three astronauts - Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee - on January the 27th 1967.
Controversy surrounds the supposed moon landing, with theories abounding that in 1969 it was technically impossible to land on the moon, and as a result NASA faked the moon landing, filming the 'landing' at the top secret military base, Area 51, in the Nevada desert while the astronauts actually orbited the earth for eight days before returning. This theory was later illustrated in the film 'Capricorn One' which told the fictional story of a faked landing on the planet Mars.
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The ISO (International Standards Organisation) assigns a two character code to each country name. These codes are used by Internet 'whois' databases (these two character abbreviations are the whois country codes) and also other applications.
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Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque was a French politician. He was born in 1767 at Lausanne and died in 1830. During the French Revolution he distinguished himself by his works upon politics and on revolutionary subjects, and was elected to the office of tribune; but his speeches and writings rendered him odious to the First Consul, and he was dismissed in 1802.
Similarity of sentiments connected him with Madame de Stael; and with her he travelled through several countries until Napoleon permitted him to return to Paris for a limited period. He then went to Gottingen, and again appeared at Paris in 1814, showing himself zealous in the cause of the Bourbons, though he suffered himself to be elected counsellor of state by Napoleon. Subsequently he was elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies. His numerous writings include essays on the liberty of the press (1814); on the principles of politics (1815), etc; besides his more elaborate philosophical work, De la Religion consideree dans sa Source, ses Formes, et ses Developpements (1824).
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James Grahame was a Scottish poet. He was born in 1765 at Glasgow and died in 1811. He studied law in Edinburgh, and in 1791 became a Writer to the Signet. In 1795 he was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates, of which he continued a member until 1809, when he took orders as a clergyman of the Church of England. Previous to this all his literary productions had been published. While at the university he printed and circulated a collection of poetical pieces. These appeared in an amended form in 1797. In 1801 he published a dramatic poem entitled Mary, Queen of Scotland, and in 1802 appeared, anonymously, The Sabbath. The Birds of Scotland, and British Georgics followed. He subsequently held curacies at Shefton, Durham, and Sedgefield, but his health gave way, and he died at Glasgow in 1811.
James Grahame wa sa Scottish historian. He was born in 1790 and died in 1842. He published a 'History of the Rise and Progress of the United States of North America till the British Revolution of 1688', which was recognized as a thorough and authoritative work.
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Embedded in the wall of the heart are four structures that conduct impulses through the cardiac muscle to cause first the atria then the ventricles to contract. These structures are the sinoatrial node (SA node), the atrioventricular node (AV node), the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibres. On the rear wall of the right atrium is a barely visible knot of tissue known as the sinoatrial, or SA node. This tiny area is the control of the hearts pacemaker mechanism. Impulse conduction normally starts in the SA node. It generates a brief electrical impulse of low intensity approximately 72 times every minute in a resting adult. From this point the impulse spreads out over the sheets of tissue which make up the two atria, exciting the muscle fibres as it does so. This causes contraction of the two atria and thereby thrusts the blood into the empty ventricles. The impulse quickly reaches another small specialized knot of tissue known as the atrioventricular, or AV node, located between the atria and the ventricles. This node delays the impulse for about 0. 07 seconds, which is exactly enough time to allow the atria to complete their contractions. When the impulses reach the AV node, they are relayed by way of the bundle of His and Purkinje fibres to the ventricles, causing them to contract. The electrical current races across the two ventricles within 0.06 seconds, causing the squeezing, thrusting motion of these powerful pumping chambers. The heart also has its own built in safety factors. The AV node, in an emergency situation, can take over the functions of the SA node by becoming the generator of the impulses. It is not quite as efficient, generating only a rate of 40 or 50 beats per minute.
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The .45in Ballesta Molina was an Argentine semi-automatic pistol based upon the Colt M1911, and manufactured by the Hispano Argentino Fabrica de Automtoviles SA of Buenos Aires. During the Second World War large numbers of the Ballesta Molina were manufactured and it earned a reputation for functioning even under adverse conditions, leading to its adoption by allied undercover groups as well as being in service with the Argentine armed forces. The Ballesta Molina was a .45 Colt ACP calibre semi-automatic pistol operating on recoil. It took a 7-round box magazine (interchangeable with the Colt M1911 magazine) and had an effective range of fifty metres and a rate of fire of 35 rounds per minute. The Ballesta Molina differed from the Colt M1911 in having a trigger that pivots rather than slides, a trigger extension on the tight of the grip to operate the disconnector and a smaller hammer strut.
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The FEG P9M SA is a Hungarian single-action service pistol. The FEG P9M SA is chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge which it takes from a 13-round magazine.
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The Heckler and Koch SA 80 (L85A1) is an automatic rifle chambered for the 5.56 mm NATO cartridge. It has a muzzle velocity of 940 metres per second, an effective range of 500 metres and a rate of fire of 610 or 770 rounds per minute. The SA 80 entered service with the British army in 1985, since when it has proved very unpopular, jamming during the Gulf War and in Afghanistan, and being criticised by soldiers as being an unreliable weapon comprising numerous small and complicated parts.
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The Krico 300-SA is a German hunting and sporting bolt-action rifle made from blued steel with a hardwood stock. The Krico 300-SA is produced in .22 Long Rifle calibre which it takes from a 5 or 10 round magazine. The Krico 300-SA has a 57.5 cm long barrel with an integral silencer and is fitted with adjustable rack and bead tunnel sights and has a mounting for a telescopic sight but no fixed sights.
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The SA-1 (Guild) was a Soviet surface-to-air missile introduced in the 1950s and used until the 1980s. The SA-1 had a range of 40 km and carried a 250 kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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