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Bindweed is the common name of plants of the genus Convolvulus. They are perennial climbing herbs of the family Convolvulaceae. The name is especially applied to Convolvulus arvensis, and also of plants of the allied genus Calystegia, especially Calystegia Soldanella and Calystegia septum. The black bryony is called black bindweed; Smilax is called rough bindweed. Solanum Dulcamara (the bittersweet) is the blue bindweed of Ben Jonson.
 Research Bindweed
Catarrhina is a suborder of anthropoidea. The nostrils face downwards. The internasal septum is narrow. The tail is never prehensile.
Research Catarrhina
The platyrrhina are a suborder of Anthropoidea. The nostrils face forwards. The internasal septum is broad and they have three premolars. The tail may be prehensile.
Research Platyrrhina
Alar nasal cartilage makes up the apex of the nose. The apex of the nose is made up of paired lateral alar cartilages. Each lateral alar cartilage has a shape similar to a horseshoe and partially encircles the nostril. These make up the large, flat lateral wall and the inferior extension makes up the medial wall. The medial wall forms the movable nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity. Two to four lesser alar cartilages (sesamoid cartilages) are also found on each side of the nose at the back end of the lateral wall of the alar cartilage.
Research Alar Nasal Cartilage
The alveolar septum is the thin wall which separates one alveolus from another in the large alveolar cluster, or sac. The alveolar septum may be fully formed or only partially formed, as alveoli may be completely spherical or partially joined with a neighbouring alveolus. Within the material of the alveolar walls and septa are the capillary networks which bring the oxygen-poor, carbon dioxide- rich blood to be regenerated.
Research Alveolar Septum
Like all body organs, the heart needs a supply of blood to bring it oxygen. It cannot get oxygen from the blood within its chambers, which passes through too quickly and under too great a pressure, and in the right side is very low in oxygen. Instead, the muscle that makes up the wall of the heart, the myocardium, receives oxygen-rich blood from a system of small arteries that branch from the aorta. These are called the coronary arteries. They cross over the hearts surface, dividing and sending tiny branches into the heart muscle. The two coronary arteries are no wider than a drinking straw.
The right coronary artery lies in a groove between the right atrium and right ventricle and loops around the lower side and to the rear of the heart like a crown. Hence the name, coronary. This artery supplies blood to the thick muscle of the right ventricle.
On the other side, the left coronary artery divides almost immediately into two large branches, one of which (the anterior descending branch) passes over the front of the heart toward the tip. The other branch (the circumflex branch) lies in a groove between the left atrium and left ventricle. This artery supplies blood to the muscle of the left ventricle. The anterior descending branch supplies the front surface and tip of the heart and the front part of the septum. The circumflex branch supplies the portion of the left ventricular wall away from the septum. From the large coronary vessels, smaller branches arise, which divide and insert into the heart muscle, supplying its nutritional needs. If a blood clot occludes some part of the coronary artery, as in coronary thrombosis or coronary embolism, the cells of the heart are deprived of oxygen and soon die. This is called myocardial infarction.
Research Coronary Artery
The dartos is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue. In the male it is the tunica
dartos found within the scrotum. It originates from the subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum and inserts in the fibrous septum. It is innervated by a branch of the genitofemoral nerve. In the female, this thin muscle is referred to as the dartos mulierbris. It is a very thin layer of smooth muscle that originates in the labia majora. It is less well-developed than the male tunica dartos.
Research Dartos
The depressor septi nasi is a short muscle that lies between the musclular structure and the mucous membrane of the lip. It originates from the upper lip and extends upward along the median line of the lip to be inserted into the septum of the nose. It constricts the nostrils, the opposite action of the compressor nasi muscle. All muscles of the nose are innervated by the facial nerve (VII cranial artery) supplied by the facial artery.
Research Depressor Septi Nasi
The ethmoid bone is a bone of very spongy substance, somewhat irregularly cubical in shape, lying at the root of the nose, between the two orbits or eye-sockets, and forming part of the bony wall of both. The segment of the ethmoid bone which forms part of the inner wall of the orbital cavity is called the orbital plate, while another segment, forming the roof and back part of the septum of the nasal cavity is called the perpendicular plate. Two irregularly shaped, shell-like projections from the ethmoid bone are called the superior and middle turbinate (conchae), and form ledges on the inside wall of the nasal cavity.
Research Ethmoid Bone
The fornix is an arching bundle of white muscle fibres located just below the corpus callosum within the brain. Its rear portion is attached to the corpus callosum, but in the front, it is attached to it by the septum pellucidum. The fornix features two symmetrical halves, one of which extends slightly into each of the hemispheres of the brain. These parts are connected in the middle (at the body of the fornix) but separate in the front and back to form the anterior pillars and posterior pillars, respectively. The body of the fornix is a flattened triangular shape, which is slightly narrower in the front than in the rear.
Research Fornix
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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