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The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) and the PACE Codes of Practice provide the core framework of police powers and safeguards around stop and search, arrest, detention, investigation, identification and interviewing detainees. PACE sets out to strike the right balance between the powers of the police and the rights and freedoms of the public. Maintaining that balance is a key element of PACE. However, the British police regularly flout the regulations set out in PACE, which is in itself a lengthy book which would take several hours to read. Suspects arrested in England and Wales have the right to read the PACE guidelines, but this is wholly unreasonable, given the length of the guidelines and the legal language used. This enables the police to flout the guidelines, unless the suspect demands their right to legal representation, and refuses to speak without a solicitor present.
The PACE guidelines are dividied into eight sections, known as codes:
Code A - Deals with the exercise by police officers of statutory powers to search a person or a vehicle without first making an arrest. It also deals with the need for a police officer to make a record of a stop or encounter.
Code B - Deals with police powers to search premises and to seize and retain property found on premises and persons.
Code C - sets out the requirements for the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects not related to terrorism in police custody by police officers. This is the section of the PACE guidelines
that applies to most arrests, and to the treatment of a suspect while in a police station. This section is itself over eighty pages long!
Code D - Concerns the main methods used by the police to identify people in connection with the investigation of offences and the keeping of accurate and reliable criminal records.
Code E - Deals with the audio recording of interviews with suspects in the police station.
Code F - Deals with the visual recording with sound of interviews with suspects. There is no statutory requirement on police officers to visually record interviews. However, the contents of this code should be considered if an interviewing officer decides to make a visual recording with sound of an interview with a suspect.
Code G - Deals with powers of arrest under section 24 the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 as amended by section 110 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Code H - Sets out the requirements for the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects related to terrorism in police custody by police officers.
 Research Police and Criminal Evidence Act
The Heimann Hi-Scan 9080TS is an American low power X-ray baggage examination unit capable of viewing objects through 13 mm of steel plate, and displaying the contents in twenty grey tones to give improved definition. A 2:1 magnification facility is also provided for closer examination of suspect items.
Research Heimann Hi-Scan 9080TS
Voice morphing is a technology developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, USA by George Papcun and publicly demonstrated in 1999. Voice morphing enables speech patterns to be cloned and an accurate copy of a person's voice be made which can then say anything the operator wishes it to say, appearing in the voice of someone else. Voice morphing has tremendous possibilities in military psychological warfare and subversion, particularly in conjunction with the use of recorded telephone conversations as evidence in courts of law. An agency can use voice morphing to provide a fake confession or incriminating evidence appearing to be spoken by a suspect which in reality is fake. Voice morphing is a powerful battlefield weapon which can be used to provide fake orders to the enemy's troops, appearing to come from their own commanders.
In 1990, the US department of defence considered using voice morphing to produce a propaganda recording of Iraqi president Saddam Hussein, which could then be distributed throughout the Arab world and Iraq to discredit the Iraqi leader.
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Basic Instinct is a thriller starring Michael Douglas, Sharon Stone, George Dzundza, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Denis Arndt and Leilani Sarelle in a story about an American detective investigating a murder in which the prime suspect is a seductive and manipulative woman. Basic Instinct was directed by Paul Verhoeven in 1992.
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Dark Angel is a thriller starring Eric Roberts, Ashley Crow, Linden Ashby and Paul Calderon in a story about a detective trailing a serial killer who preys on adulterous women only to become a prime suspect himself. Dark Angel was directed by Robert Iscove in 1996.
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Exposure is a thriller starring Ron Silver, Alexandra Paul, Susan Pari, Paul Gittins and Elizabeth Hawthorne in a story about a glamour photographer who becomes the prime suspect when one of his models is found brutally murdered. Exposure was directed by David Blyth in 2000.
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Futureworld is a Sci-fi thriller starring Peter Fonda, Blythe Danner, Arthur Hill, Yul Brynner and John Ryan in a sequel to the film Westworld, about a futuristic theme park being re-opened after the robots have turned against the human guests, only for a technician to be murdered and a journalist to suspect the park is still dangerous. Futureworld was directed by Richard T Heffron in 1976.
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Hart's War is a Second World War courtroom drama starring Bruce Willis, Colin Farrell, Terrence Howard, Cole Hauser and Marcel Iures in a story based on the book by John Katzenbach about a rookie officer being given the job of defending the chief suspect in a hastily convened trial after a racist prisoner is murdered in a German prisoner of war camp. Hart's War was directed by Gregory Hoblit in 2002.
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In The Arms Of A Killer is a crime thriller starring Jaclyn Smith, John Spencer, Michael Nouri and Sandahl Bergman in a story about a female detective investigating her first murder case only to fall in love with the prime suspect. In The Arms Of A Killer was directed by Robert Collins in 1992.
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Madeleine is a drama starring Ann Todd, Norman Wooland, Ivan Desny and Leslie Banks in a story about a woman's secret romance coming to an abrupt end when her lover is found murdered and she is the prime suspect. Madeleine was directed by David Lean in 1949.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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