In anatomy, articulation describes a joint; the joining or juncture of the bones. This is of three kinds: (1) Diarthrosis, or a movable connection, such as the ball-and-socket joint; (2) Synarthrosis, immovable connection, as by suture, or junction by serrated margins; (3) Symphysis, or union by means of another substance, by a cartilage, tendon, or ligament. Research Articulation
The frontal bone is one of the flat cranial bones that forms the forehead and roof of the orbits. The frontal bone also forms the upper part of the nasal cavity as well as forming the floor of the skull, where the brain is housed. Two cavities, the frontal sinuses, lie within the frontal bone, just behind the spots above each orbit. The frontal bone is attached to the parietal bones by the coronal suture, and is also connected by sutures to the sphenoid, ethmoid bone, maxillary, nasal, lachrymal, and zygomatic bones. In the center of the front of the frontal bone, just between and slightly above the orbits, is a raised portion of the bone, called the glabella. The frontal bone also features two foramina. one just above each orbit. Research Frontal Bone
The incisive fossa is the surface of the inner part of the maxilla, just behind the teeth. It features the incisive foramen, an opening which lies directly behind the central incisors mounted in the maxilla, at the median palatine suture. The incisive foramen leads to a channel which proceeds upward through the maxillary bone, to terminate in the nasalcrest of the maxilla, at the floor of the nasal cavity. Research Incisive Fossa
The lambdoid suture joins the two parietal bones to the occipital bone in the back of the skull. The intersection of the sagittal suture, joining the two parietal bones together, and the
lambdoid suture forms a tripartite shape, resembling the Greek letter 'lambda,' and giving the suture its shape. The lower ends of the lambdoid suture extend to the mastoid processes of the temporal bones, joining them to the occipital bone. Research Lambdoid Suture
The rearmost part of the temporal bone is referred to as the mastoid process. Sometimes also called the mastoid bone (because it is demarcated from the rest of the temporal bone by a suture line), this process joins the occipital bone at the lower ends of the lambdoid suture. Research Mastoid Process
The median and transverse palatine sutures mark the lines of connection of the bones of the palate. The median palatine suture runs from the front of the palate, at the incisive foramen, to the back of the mouth, at the posterior nasal spine. The median palatine suture connects the two palatine processes to each other, as well as connecting the two palatine bones to each other. Research Median Palatine Suture
The occipital bone forms the back of the skull and the cranial base. It is joined to the two parietal bones and to the mastoid processes of the temporal bones on the side by the lambdoid suture. At the base of the occipital bone, at the basilar parts, the
occipital bone is attached to the sphenoid bone. The occipital bone features a significant bump, or external occipital protuberance, in the center of the back of the skull, while the Nuchal line defines the cusp at which the occipital bone curves under to the base. The large opening, or foramen magnum, in the
occipital bone can be seen in the inferior view of the skull, and allows the nerves of the upper spinal cord to pass through the skull between the brain and the rest of the spinal cord. Research Occipital Bone
The palatine bones consist of a vertical part and a horizontal plate and make up part of the orbital floor, the nasal cavity, and the back part of the palate. The two palatine bones are joined at the palate at the median palatine suture. Each bone is pierced by one greater palatine foramen and two lesser palatine foramina. Each palatine bone is also articulated with the vomer, and the conjunction of these bones forms the posterior nasal spine. The vertical portions of each palatine bone articulate with the inferior nasalconcha and the ethmoid bone. The horizontal plates of the palatine bones also join the two palatine processes of the maxilla bones, at the transverse palatine suture. Research Palatine Bones
The palatine processes are the lower wings of the maxilla which form the two halves of the forward palate. The connection of the two palatine processes is marked with the median palatine suture, which sometimes may be felt by the tongue as a ridge in the roof of the mouth. The palatine processes connect to the palatine bones, which form the posterior plates in the palate. Research Palatine Processes
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Articulation
