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Abadie's sign is a twitch of the eyelid that can occur with an over-active thyroid gland. It can also occur when no disease is present.
 Research Abadie's Sign
Adam's Apple is the popular name for the thyroid cartilage. That is the prominence seen in the front of the throat of man. It is small and invisible in females. It is so called from the notion that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat.
Research Adam's Apple
The arytenoid cartilages are two small, upward protrusions located at the back of the larynx. They pivot on the ring-like cricoid cartilage and are attached to it by the cricoarytenoid muscles. The vocal cords are attached to the arytenoid cartilages, from which they span across the larynx to part of the thyroid cartilage on the other side. By flexing or relaxing the cricoarytenoid muscles, the arytenoid cartilages are forced to pivot, causing the vocal cords to be brought together for speech or separated, for breathing. The vocal and cricothyroid muscles then control their tension. This variable tension in the vocal cords allows a wide range of tones to be produced from them.
Research Arytenoid Cartilages
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid that lowers blood calcium. It is often used in the treatment of hypercalcemia.
Research Calcitonin
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder that causes pain, and interferes with the use of the hand. It is caused by pressure on the median nerve as the nerve passes through a canal formed by the bones and ligaments in the wrist (the carpal tunnel). A wide variety of conditions can cause the carpal tunnel to narrow and put pressure on the median nerve, including injuries, such as wrist fractures; arthritis complicated by swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel; pregnancy, which may cause the synovium around the tendons to thicken; and glandular abnormalities, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders. Work that involves repetitive wrist motions may also cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include pain and numbness in the thumb and in the index, middle, and ring fingers. Many people wake at night with these symptoms. Some sufferers experience weakness of hand muscles and may drop objects. Symptoms often occur when the wrist is flexed during such activities as driving a car or holding a book while reading.
Doctors treat carpal tunnel syndrome by attempting to improve the underlying condition. In many cases, doctors apply a splint to the wrist and prescribe anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, surgery is performed to relieve symptoms and to prevent permanent damage to the median nerve.
Research Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cretinism is a disease developed in early childhood due to the absence or deficiency of the thyroid gland or to goitre. The disease is distributed the world over, but is especially common in certain areas such as Switzerland and Derbyshire.
Research Cretinism
The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped structure which reinforces the lower larynx where it meets the trachea. It serves as the anchor point for the arytenoid cartilages (which pivot upon the back part of the cricoid cartilage). The arytenoid cartilages are also connected to the cricoid cartilage by cricoarytenoid muscles. The vocal cords are attached to the arytenoid cartilages, from which they span across the larynx to the inside part of the thyroid cartilage on the other side of the airway. By flexing or relaxing the cricoarytenoid muscles, the arytenoid cartilages are forced to pivot, causing the vocal cords to be brought together for speech or separated, for breathing. The vocal and cricothyroid muscles then regulate the degree of tension in the vocal cords, changing the tone of voice during speech.
Research Cricoid Cartilage
The deep cervical chain of lymph nodes are located on each side of the neck beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These chains of lymph nodes drain and filter lymph from the thyroid gland, the larynx, the trachea, and the upper portion of the esophagus. Because they lie deep within the body tissue, they are difficult to assess through palpation.
Research Deep Cervical Chain
Exophthalmic Goitre (Graves' Disease) is a form of hyperthyroidism characterised by enlargement of the thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased basal metabolic rate, and weight loss.
Research Exophthalmic Goitre
The external carotid artery begins near the thyroid cartilage and curves upward along the neck, narrowing as it ascends, and divides into the temporal and internal maxillary arteries. The external carotid has many branches along its course up the neck supplying the neck and face.
Research External Carotid Artery
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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Abbreviations
