Exarchate is a name of a province or territory under an exarch, or viceroy. In the 6th century Justinian formed the middle part of Italy into a province of the Eastern Empire, and gave the government of it to an exarch.
Exarch was also the title of an ecclesiastical grade in the Greek Church inferior to the patriarchs, but superior to the metropolitans. Among the modern Greeks an exarch is a deputy of the patriarch, who travels about in the provinces, and visits the bishops and churches. Research Exarchate
The tulip is a genus of flowering plants of the family Liliaceae indigenous to eastern Europe. One species, the wild tulip (Tulipa sylvestris) is now native to Britain, the first tulips having been introduced to Britain from Vienna around 1578. It is a bulbous plant, attaining a height of about 30cm, with very narrow leaves and a solitary large fragrant flower. Formerly, tulips were exceptionally valuable in Britain and Holland, in 1639 120 tulips being sold for 90,000 florins and one particular flower, known as the 'Viceroy' for 4230 guilders. Research Tulip
Affonso de Albuquerque was a Portuguese admiral. He was born in 1452 and died in 1515. He was viceroy of Portuguese West Africa in 1503. Portugal having subjected to its power a large part of the western coast of Africa, and begun to extend its sway in the East Indies, Affonso de Albuquerque was appointed viceroy of the Portuguese acquisitions in this quarter, and arrived in 1503 with a fleet on the coast of Malabar. His career here was extremely successful, he having extended the Portuguese power over Malabar, Ceylon, the Sunda Islands, and the Peninsula of Malacca, and made the Portuguese name respected by all the nations and princes of India. Notwithstanding his services and his virtues, he was unjustly superseded in his commands, and so severely did he feel, that he died a few days later. Research Affonso de Albuquerque
An alderman was formerly a senior member of a local council. The Saxon ealdorman was next to the king, and frequently a viceroy; but after the settlement of the Danes the title was gradually displaced by that of earl. Aldermen in corporations were next in dignity to the mayor. Research Alderman
Alessandro Scarlatti was an Italian composer. He was born in 1659 at Trapani, Sicily and died in 1725. For some years he was attached to the court of Christiana, queen of Sweden, at Rome, and in 1694 was appointed musical director to the viceroy of Naples. Subsequently he became a teacher in three of the four conservatories in Naples. He founded the modern school of Italian Opera, and was a prolific composer in nearly every branch of music. Research Alessandro Scarlatti
Alfonso de Albuquerque was a Portuguese navigator. He was born in 1453 and died in 1515. He was appointed viceroy of the Portuguese Indies in 1509 and established Portuguese control by taking Goa and Malabar in 1510 and the coast of Ceylon and Malacca in 1511. Research Alfonso de Albuquerque
Antoine Perrenot, Cardinal de Granvella was a Spanish minister of state to Charles V and Philip II of Spain. He was born in 1517 near Besancon and died in 1586. He studied at Padua and at Louvain, abd at the age of twenty-three year was appointed Bishop of Arras, and was present at the diets at Worms and Ratisbon. In 1545 he was sent to the Council of Trent, and on the death of his father in 1550 was appointed by Charles V to succeed him in the office of chancellor. In 1552 he negotiated the Treaty of Passau, and in 1553 arranged the marriage of Don Philip with Mary Queen of England. Under Philip II he remained chief minister, and in 1559 negotiated the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis. Philip immediately after quit the Netherlands, leaving Margaret of Parma as governor, and Granvella as her minister. In 1560 he became Archbishop of Mechlin, and in 1561 was made a cardinal; but in 1564 he was obliged to yield to the growing discontent aroused by his tyranny in the Netherlands, resign his post, and retire to Besancon. In 1570 Philip sent him to Rome to conclude an alliance with the pope and the Venetians against the Turks, and afterwards to Naples as viceroy. In 1575 he was recalled to Spain, and placed at the head of the government with the title of President of the Supreme Council of Italy and Castile. In 1584 he was created Archbishop of Besancon. He preserved all letters and despatches addressed to him, nine volumes of which, published 1851-1862, are of value in illustrating the history of the 16th century. Research Antoine Perrenot
Archibald Percival Wavell was a British soldier. He was born in 1883 at Colchester and died in 1950. A British field marshall he was commander-in-chief of the Middle East during the Second World War from 1939 to 1941 and commander-inc-chief in India from 1941 to 1943 and viceroy of India from 1943 until 1947. Research Archibald Wavell
Earl Charles John Canning was a British statesman. He was born in 1812 and died in 1862. The son of George Canning, ne was educated at Eton and Oxford. In 1841 he was appointed under-secretary of state for foreign affairs in Peel's government, and in 1846 commissioner of woods and forests. In the Aberdeen ministry of 1853, and under Palmerston in 1855, he held the postmaster-generalship, and in 1856 went out to India as governor-general. Throughout the mutiny he showed a fine coolness and clear-headedness, and though his carefully-pondered decisions were sometimes lacking in promptness, yet his admirable moderation did much to re-establish the British Empire in India. He was raised to the rank of earl and made viceroy, but returned to England with shattered health in 1862, dying in the same year. Research Charles Canning
Diego de Almagro was a Spanish Conquistador. A foundling, he was born in 1475 and died in 1538. He took part with Pizarro in the conquest of Peru, and after frequent disputes with Pizarro about their respective shares in their conquests led an expedition against Chili, which he failed to conquer. On his return a struggle took place between him and Pizarro, in which Almagro was finally overcome, taken prisoner, strangled, and afterwards beheaded. He was avenged by his son, who raised an insurrection in which Pizarro was assassinated in 1541. The younger Almagro was put to death in 1542 by De Castro, the new viceroy of Peru. Research Diego de Almagro
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Exarchate
