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Caedmon was an Anglo-Saxon writer. He lived about the end of the 7th century. He was originally a tenant, or perhaps only a cowherd, on the abbey lands at Whitby, but afterwards was received into the monastery. His chief work (if it can all be attributed to him) consists of paraphrases of portions of the Scriptures, in Anglo-Saxon verse, the first part of which bears striking resemblances to Milton's narrative in Paradise Lost.
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Robert Stephenson was a British engineer. He was born in 1803 at Willington Quay, Newcastle and died in 1859. The son of George Stephenson, he shared his named with his grandfather and helped his father to survey the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1821 before entering Edinburgh University. Poor health compelled him to go abroad and in 1824 he accepted an offer to superintend gold and silver mines in Colombia. Returning to Britain in 1827 he helped his father with the building of the Rocket locomotive to which construction Robert Stephenson suggested a number of improvements. Robert Stephenson constructed the first railway into London, the Birmingham-London line constructed between 1833 and 1838. He was also involved in the construction of bridges, including the Menai bridge and the Victoria bridge over the St Lawrence river in Montreal. In 1847 he was elected member of parliament for Whitby and represented the town until his death. Robert Stephenson was president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from 1856 until 1857.
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St Hilda was a grand-niece of Edwin, King of Northumbria. She was born about 614 and died in 680. At the age of fourteen she was baptized along with her royal kinsman by Paulinus. She was consecrated by Bishop Aidan, and was successively head of the abbey of Hartlepool and of the famous monastery at Whitby. Caedmon, the Anglo-Saxon poet, was attached to the monastery during her rule.
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William Scoresby was an English Arctic explorer. He was born in 1789 near Whitby and died in 1857. He made his first voyage to Greenland when he was eleven, and after 1810 continued to make a voyage to Greenland annually until 1822.
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Alum is a crystalline, astringent substance with a sweetish taste. It is a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium with water of crystallization. It crystallizes in colourless regular octahedra. Its solution reddens vegetable blues. When heated, its water of crystallization is driven off, and it becomes light and spongy with slightly corrosive properties, and is used as a caustic under the name of burnt alum.
Alum is prepared in Great Britain at Whitby from alum-slate, where it forms the cliffs for miles, and at Hurlet and Campsie, near Glasgow, from bituminous alum shale and slate-clay, obtained from old coal-pits. It is also prepared near Rome from alum stone. Common alum is strictly potash alum; other two varieties are soda alum and ammonia alum, both similar in properties. Iron alum (pale mauve) and chrome alum (deep purple) are compounds containing iron and chromium in place of aluminium.
Alum is employed to harden tallow, to remove grease from printers' cushions and blocks in calico manufactories; in dyeing as a mordant. It is also largely used in the composition of crayons, in tannery, and in medicine (as an astringent and styptic). Wood and paper are dipped in a solution of alum to render them less combustible.
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Wallop is a fresh, fruity, light bitter with a hoppy finish, from the Whitby brewery, North Yorkshire.
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The Earl of Pembroke was a British cat-built collier barque of 366 tons displacement launched at Whitby in 1764, and later purchased by the British Admiralty and renamed Endeavour, under which name she was used for scientific voyages. The Earl of Pembroke had three masts, square-rigged and carried a crew of 85.
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Whitby (recorded in the Domesday Book as Witeby) is a fishing port and resort at the mouth of the River Esk in North Yorkshire, England. It was an important ecclesiastical centre in Anglo-Saxon times and is the site of an abbey founded in 656.
Whitby is a village in Cheshire, England.
Whitby is a township in Bottineau County, North Dakota, USA.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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