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Academy board is a pasteboard comprised of sheets of paper, cut to size and pressed together before being treated with a ground of white lead, oil and chalk and sometimes embossed with indentations in imitation of a canvas weave. Academy board has been used chiefly for sketches and studies since the early 19th century.
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Chinese white is a pigment comprising white zinc oxide, introduced into the arts as a non-toxic substitute for white lead.
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The Dutch process (or stack process) was formerly the principal method by which white lead was prepared. It consisted building a stack of earthenware pots containing acetic acid upon a thick layer of spent tan or manure and placing strips or coils of metallic lead over the pots; boards were then laid to forma false floor over the whole and more stacks built on top. The entire structure was then sealed and over time the metallic lead converted into lead carbonate by corrosion caused by the action of the acetic acid vapour in the presence of carbon dioxide.
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Flake white is an artists' pigment produced from fine quality white lead by precipitation.
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Jaune brilliant is an artist's colour prepared from cadium, vermillion and white lead.
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Orange lead (orange mineral) is an ornage pigment manufactured by oxidising white lead.
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White lead (also known as ceruse) is a basic carbonate of lead once used as a pigment and as a cosmetic, and forming one of the basic pigments used in the painting and decorating trade for many years. The best quality is prepared by the Dutch process, in which sheets or grids of pure lead are placed in pots containing a little dilute acetic acid or vinegar. A number of these pots are stacked in a heap, surrounded by horse manure for several months. Lead acetate forms and can then be converted into the basic carbonate. It went out of fashion as a pigment due to its toxicity and high cost.
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Flatting is a flat finish formerly used for walls and ceilings, made from paste white lead mixed to a very thin consistency with turpentine.
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Paint harling is an extremely durable external finish used for the protection of the steelwork of steel-clad houses most notably in Scotland. Paint harling consists of the surface being cleaned and prepared, before being covered with a thick coat of paint composed of paste white lead, stand oil and gold size. While this coat of paint is still tacky, paint-coated granite chips are thrown onto the surface and the whole allowed to dry hard.
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Pink primer is the traditional primer for wood. It is traditionally composed of white lead and red lead, but is also made from barytes or other extenders tinted with Venetian red, though this is a very poor substitute.
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The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
©1993 - 2009 The Probert Encyclopaedia
Southampton, United Kingdom
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