The bawoo is a Chinese wind instrument. It is comprised of a bamboo tube with a rectangular hole carved in the side near the closed end, with a reed fastened across and finger and thumb holes. Research Bawoo
A bugle is a brass wind instrument with a cup-mouthpiece and made from coiled brass or copper tubing with a wide conical bore and flaring bell. Having no valves, it produces only natural harmonics of the tubing's fundamental pitch: c 0 , c 1 , g 1 , c 2 , e 2 , g 2 , b-flat 2 , c 3 (c 1 = middle C; c 0 = the C below); the B-flat bugle sounds a tone lower. Some bugles have a single valve that lowers the pitch by a fourth.
A semicircular bugle, one of various European signal horns, was adopted about 1800 by German and English infantry units. Soon after, the coiled shape became common. In the 19th century the bugle developed several derivatives. The keyed bugle, or Kent bugle, with key-controlled finger holes, was the first treblebrass instrument with a full scale. It was popular in bands until displaced by the cornet. The bass keyed bugle, or ophicleide, was the common brass bass before the tuba. The flugelhorn is a German valved bugle. Research Bugle
The caval is a Bulgarian wind instrument of some antiquity, varying from 50 to 80 cm long. They are used especially in Thrace and Dobrudja. Research Caval
The cornet is a treble wind instrument made of brass, the modern cornet being of comparatively recent origin.Originally the cornet was curvilinear or serpentine in form and increasing in diameter from the mouthpiece to the lower end. The modern form of cornet, formerly called a cornet-a-pistons or cornopean, is a form of keyed bugle and is played with a cupped mouthpiece, and possesses a quality of tone which comes between those of the trumpet and the bugle, the size of its tube being intermediate to those used for these instruments. Three slides are employed which lengthen the tube to produce intermediate tones. Research Cornet
The flageolet is an old musical wind instrument first appearing in the early 16th century and still in use until the 19th century and being the ancestor of the modern tin whistle. The flageolet is similar in shape and sound to the piccolo. It has four finger holes at the front and two thumb holes at the back. Research Flageolet
The oboe is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. It is a double-reed wind instrument with a wood body and narrow conical bore invented by the French musicians Jean Hotteterre and Michel Philidor, who modified the louder shawm (the prevailing double-reed instrument) for indoor use. Their oboe, called hautbois, as was the shawm, had a narrower bore than the shawm' s, a body in three sections instead of one, and a smaller reed grasped near its tip by the player's lips (on a shawm the mouth encloses the entirereed, the lips resting on a wooden disk at the base of the reed) . By 1700 most orchestras included a pair of oboes. Early oboes had seven finger holes and two keys; by the 1700s, four-keyed models were also in use. In the 1800s additional keys were added, reaching fifteen or more, and the bore and sound holes were redesigned.
Oboes of the French school (played in most countries today) have a very narrow bore and a penetrating, focused sound. Those of the German school (also played in Vienna and Vienna-influenced countries) have a wider bore and a more easily blending sound. The range of the modern oboe extends two and one-half octaves upward from the B below middle C. Composers of solo works for the oboe include George Frideric Handel, Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Robert Schumann, and Carl Nielsen. Research Oboe
The ocarina is a small wind instrument consisting of a pipe pierced with holes for the fingers. They are usually made of terra-cotta, but sometimes of metal. The modern ocarina originated in Italy in the early 19th century and gained popularity among street players and was made in families from soprano to bass for ensemble playing. Research Ocarina
The Probert Encyclopaedia was designed, edited and programed by
Matt and Leela Probert
Abbreviations
Research Bawoo
