Research Results For 'Wurzburg'

ERNST HAECKEL

Ernst Haeckel was a German naturalist. He was born in 1834 at Potsdam and died in 1919. He studied medicine and science at Berlin, Wurzburg, and Vienna; travelled in Norway and Italy, became professor of zoology at Jena in 1865. Later he visited Syria, Egypt, Algeria, Sri Lanka, etc, to perfect his knowledge of natural forms. He was the most prominent exponent of the Darwinian theories in Germany. Among his works may be mentioned The Radiolariae (1862), The History of Creation (1868), Anthropology (1874), History of the Evolution of Man (1875), Collected Popular Discourses on the Development Theory (1878 - 1879), The Riddle of the Universe (1900) etc.
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FRIEDRICH KONIG

Friedrich Konig was a German inventor. He was born in 1774 at Eisleben and died in 1833. With the help of English capital he patented a steam printing- machine in 1810, and a cylinder press which turned out 1100 copies of the Times in an hour. Returning home in 1817 he established a factory for making printing-presses near Wurzburg.
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GIOVANNI TIEPOLO

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo was a Venetian painter. He was born in 1692 at Venice and died in 1769. He studied under Gregorio Lazzarini, but his work shows signs of more influence by Titian and Veronese. He began his career in Venice, where the bulk of his frescoes and oil paintings, executed for churches and palaces, are preserved. He is famous for the frescoes he painted, including his Antony and Cleopatra series in the Palazzo Labia. From 1750 until 1753 he was at Wurzburg, employed with his sons on the decoration of the archbishop's palace. He also worked at Bergamo and at Madrid, where he died.
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JULIUS CARUS

Julius Victor Carus was a German zoologist. He was born in 1823 and died in 1903. He studied at Leipzig, Wurzburg and Freiburg and was for a time the keeper of the Oxford museum of comparative anatomy. In 1853 was appointed professor of comparative anatomy and director of the zoological institute at Leipzig. In 1873 to 1874 he lectured on zoology at Edinburgh, taking the place of Professor Wyville Thomson, then serving on the Challenger Expedition. One of his principal works was a Handbook of Zoology. He translated most of Darwin's works into German, also Lewes' Physiology of Common Life, and his work on Aristotle.
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PAUL PANZER

Paul Panzer was a German actor. He was born in 1872 at Wurzburg, Bavaria and died in 1958.
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BATTLE OF JENA

The Battle of Jena was a comprehensive French victory over the combined Prussian and Saxon armies on the 14th of October 1806 at Jena, Germany during the Napoleonic Wars.

During the campaign of Austerlitz in 1805, there were causes of dispute between Napoleon and Prussia, and the Austrians counted on Prussian help but it was not until Bonaparte was leading his victorious troops back to France that Prussia declared war. Napoleon acted promptly. On October the 3rd his army of 190,000 men was resting on the line of the Maine from Lichtenfels to Wurzburg, and he immediately began a movement north to pass the defiles of. the Thuringian Forest.

The Elbe was the natural defensive line for the Prussians, but they had always attacked, and their commander, the duke of Brunswick, moved forward to Thuringia and joined the Saxons. He had about 143,000 men, untried, with old-fashioned leaders and methods; and 44,000 were semi-independent, under Prince Hohenlohe. Brunswick had decided to pass the forest on October the 10th, but Napoleon had the initiative, and the Prussians concentrated about Weimar. On the 9th the French had crossed the Saale, and Napoleon, pivoting his left on that river, decided to swing round his right to crush Hohenlohe, and cut off the Prussians from the Elbe. Brunswick attempted to cross the Saale, his main body towards Naumburg and Hohenlohe to Jena, but Napoleon had seized both these crossings on the 12th, Davout with 27,000 being at Naumburg, Napoleon and the main body at Jena.

Thus, on the 14th, Napoleon had the easier task. The valley of the Saale widens out at Jena, but there are hills on the left bank, the highest of which he had seized on the 13th. He ascended the hill himself, thinking he had the bulk of the enemy in front of him, and made his dispositions accordingly. The morning of the 14th was misty, and, unobserved, he strengthened his force on the hill, also sending corps round each side.

Hohenlohe attacked the hill, thinking he had only a small body in front of him. His inexperienced infantry, when received by French fire, simply halted to return the fire, and could not progress even when reinforced; the German cavalry made futile squadron attacks. At 2 pm. Napoleon launched the Guard corps and his cavalry to complete the victory, and drove Hohenlohe's disorganized force to meet the stream of fugitives from Auerstadt. Brunswick's command was routed with a loss in. both battles of 40,000 men and 200 guns. The French loss was about 14,000. But so decisive were the battles that Napoleon was able to march without serious opposition to Berlin, and this disaster led to the complete overhaul and re-organisation of the Prussian Army which laid the foundations for its subsequent military prowess.
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WURZBURG

Wurzburg is a city in south central Germany, in north-west Bavaria on the River Main.
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